Ukrainian
Contributed by Natalia Zaika (Academia.edu profile). The data were gathered in 2021.
How to cite
Zaika, Natalia. 2022. Nominal causal constructions in Ukrainian. In: Say, Sergey, Natalia Logvinova, Elizaveta Zabelina, and Natalia Zaika (eds.). 2022–. NoCaCoDa: Typological database of nominal causal constructions. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Data first published on December 1, 2022; last revised on December 1, 2022). (Available online at https://nocacoda.info. Accessed on .)
1
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Хустинк-а | змок-л-а | від | сліз. |
| handkerchief( f )- nom . sg | get_soaked- pst - sg . f | from | tear( f ). gen . pl |
| The handkerchief got soaked from tears. | |||
2
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Гілляк-а | злама-л-а-ся | від | важкост-і. |
| branch( f )- nom . sg | break- pst - sg . f - refl | from | heaviness( f )- gen . sg |
| The branch broke from the weight. | |||
3
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | кахика-є | від | дим-у. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | cough- prs .3 sg | from | smoke( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman is coughing because of the smoke. | |||
4
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Ми | не | бач-имо | берег-а | через | темряв-у. |
| we. nom | neg | see- prs .1 pl | shore( m )- gen . sg | through | darkness( f )- acc . sg |
| We can’t see the shore because of the darkness. | |||||
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Чоловік-а | арештува-л-и | помилково. |
| man( m )- acc . sg | arrest- pst - pl | mistakingly |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
6
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Дерев-о | впал-о | від | вітр-у. |
| tree( n )- nom . sg | fall- pst - sg . n | from | wind( m )- gen . sg |
| The tree fell due to the wind. | |||
7
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | загину-в | від | удар-у | струм-у. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | perish- pst . sg . m | from | hit( m )- gen . sg | current( m )- gen . sg |
| The man died from electric shock. | ||||
8
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | прокину-л-а-ся | від | галас-у. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | wake_up- pst - sg . f - refl | from | noise( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman woke up from the noise. | |||
9
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| У | чоловік-а | від | пив-а | бол-ить | голов-а. |
| by | man( m )- gen . sg | from | beer( n )- gen . sg | ache- prs .3 sg | head( f )- nom . sg |
| The man has a headache from the beer. | |||||
10
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
11
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | помер | від | отруйн-ої | риб-и. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | die. pst . sg . m | from | poisonous- gen . sg . f | fish( f )- gen . sg |
| The man died from a poisonous fish. | ||||
12
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| Дівчинк-а | задоволен-а | сво-єю | оцінк-ою. |
| girl( f )- nom . sg | satisfied- nom . sg . f | own- ins . sg . f | grade( f )- ins . sg |
| The girl is satisfied with her grade. | |||
13
Status: main; causal marker: na ACC
| Жінк-а | розсерди-л-а-ся | на | слов-а | чоловік-а. |
| wife( f )- nom . sg | get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl | on | word( n )- acc . pl | man( m )- gen . sg |
| The wife was angered because of her husband’s words. | ||||
14
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Хлопчик | в | захват-і | від | ц-ієї | іде-ї. |
| boy( m ). nom . sg | in | excitement( m )- loc . sg | from | this- gen . sg . f | idea( f )- gen . sg |
| The boy was thrilled by this idea. | |||||
15
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | ста-в | слабк-ий | від | голод-у. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | become- pst . sg . m | weak- nom . sg . m | from | hunger( m )- gen . sg |
| The man was weakened by hunger. | ||||
16
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | помер | від | голоду. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | die. pst . sg . m | from | hunger( m )- gen . sg |
| The man died of starvation. | |||
17
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | крич-ить | від | бол-ю. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | scream- prs .3 sg | from | pain( m )- gen . sg |
| The man screams from the pain. | |||
18
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | ковта-є | дрижак-ів | від | холод-у |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | swallow- prs .3 sg | trembling- gen . pl | from | cold( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman is shivering from the cold. | ||||
19
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Дитин-а | розплака-л-а-ся | від | страх-у. |
| child( f )- nom . sg | start_to_cry- pst - sg . f - refl | from | fear( m )- gen . sg |
| The child began to cry out of fear. | |||
20
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Дитин-а | розсмія-л-а-ся | від | радост-і. |
| child( f )- nom . sg | burst_out_laughing- pst - sg . f - refl | from | joy( f )- gen . sg |
| The child began to laugh with joy. | |||
21
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Дитин-а | від | страх-у | сховал-а-ся | в | хлів-у. |
| child( f )- nom . sg | from | fear( m )- gen . sg | hide- pst - sg . f - refl | in | barn( m )- loc . sg |
| The child hid in the barn out of fear. | |||||
22
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | через | соромязливість | промовча-в. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | through | modesty( f ). acc . sg | keep_silent- pst . sg . m |
| The man kept silent out of modesty. | |||
23
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | через | страх | схопи-л-а | брат-а | за | рук-у. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | through | fear( m ). acc . sg | grab- pst - sg . f | brother( m )- acc . sg | for | hand( f )- acc . sg |
| The woman grabbed her brother’s hand out of fear. | ||||||
24
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | втоми-л-а-ся | від | робот-и. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | get_tired- pst - sg . f - refl | from | work( f )- gen . sg |
| The woman is tired from work. | |||
25
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | не | мож-е | засну-ти | від | комар-ів. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | neg | can- prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | from | mosquito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
26
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Вод-а | зда-єть-ся | світл-ою | від | місяц-я. |
| water( f )- nom . sg | seem- prs .3 sg - refl | bright- ins . sg . f | from | moon( m )- gen . sg |
| The water looks bright because of the moon. | ||||
27
Status: main; causal marker: zavdjaky DAT
| Чоловік | вдало | зходи-в | на | полюванн-я | завдяки | собац-і. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | successfully | go- pst . sg . m | on | hunt( n )- acc . sg | thanks_to | dog( f )- dat . sg |
| Thanks to his dog, the man had a successful hunt. | ||||||
28
Status: main; causal marker: na ACC
| Жінк-а | розсерди-л-а-ся | на | чоловік-а. |
| wife( f )- nom . sg | get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl | on | man( m )- acc . sg |
| The wife was angry at her husband. | |||
29
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | спізни-л-а-ся | на | робот-у | через | чоловік-а. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | be_late- pst - sg . f - refl | on | work( f )- acc . sg | through | man( m )- acc . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
30
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Люд-и | загину-л-и | через | землетрус. |
| man( m )- nom . pl | perish- pst - pl | through | earthquake( m ). acc . sg |
| The people died because of the earthquake. | |||
31
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Ус-і | негаразд-и | трапля-ють-ся | через | люд-ей. |
| whole- nom . pl | misfortune( m )- nom . pl | happen- prs .3 pl - refl | through | man( m )- acc . pl |
| All misfortunes happen because of people. | ||||
32
Status: main; causal marker: pislja GEN
| Чоловік | ста-в | краще | бачи-ти | після | операці-ї. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | become- pst . sg . m | better | see- inf | after | surgery( f )- gen . sg |
| The man started to see better after the surgery. | |||||
33
Status: main; causal marker: zavdjaky DAT
| Жінк-а | залиши-л-а-ся | жив-а | завдяки | ць-ому | чоловік-у. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | stay- pst - sg . f - refl | alive- nom . sg . f | thanks_to | this- dat . sg . m | man( m )- dat . sg |
| The woman stayed alive thanks to that man. | |||||
34
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | розпові-в | ц-е | жінц-і | через | сво-ю | дурниц-ю. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | tell- pst . sg . m | this- acc | woman( f )- dat . sg | through | own- acc . sg . f | stupidity( f )- acc . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
35
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | підсковзну-л-а-ся | через | необачність. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip- pst - sg . f - refl | through | negligence( f ). acc . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
36
Status: main; causal marker: zavdjaky DAT
| Пілот | зміг | посади-ти | літак | завдяки | велик-ому | досвід-у. |
| pilot( m ). nom . sg | be_able. pst . sg . m | land- inf | plane( m ). acc . sg | thanks_to | big- dat . sg . m | experience( m )- dat . sg |
| The pilot was able to land the plane thanks to his great experience. | ||||||
37
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Пілот | не | зміг | посади-ти | літак | через | брак | досвід-у. |
| pilot( m ). nom . sg | neg | be_able. pst . sg . m | land- inf | plane( m ). acc . sg | through | lack( m ). acc . sg | experience( m )- gen . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to lack of experience. | |||||||
38
Status: main; causal marker: z GEN
| Під | час | війн-и | з | голод-у | люд-и | ї-л-и | трав-у. |
| under | time( m ). acc . sg | war( f )- gen . sg | out_of | hunger( m )- gen . sg | man( m )- nom . pl | eat- pst - pl | grass( f )- acc . sg |
| In wartime, people ate grass out of hunger. | |||||||
39
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | зайш-л-а | всередину | через | цікавість. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | enter- pst - sg . f | inwards | through | curiosity( f ). acc . sg |
| The woman went inside out of curiosity. | ||||
40
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | вби-в | жінк-у | через | ревнощ-і. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | kill- pst . sg . m | woman( f )- acc . sg | through | jealousy( f )- acc . pl |
| The man killed his wife out of jealousy. | ||||
41
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | розпові-в | про | ц-е | вс-ім | через | марнославств-о. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | tell- pst . sg . m | about | this- acc | everyone- dat . pl | through | vanity( n )- acc . sg |
| The man told everyone about it out of vanity. | ||||||
42
Status: main; causal marker: z GEN
| Жінк-а | розби-л-а | весь | св-ій | посуд | із | злост-і. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | break- pst - sg . f | all. acc . sg . m | own- acc . sg . m | dishes( m ). acc . sg | out_of | anger( f )- gen . sg |
| The woman broke all her dishes out of anger. | ||||||
43
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінка | ляг-л-а | спа-ти | одягнут-ою | через | холод. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | lie_down- pst - sg . f | sleep- inf | dressed- ins . sg . f | through | cold( m ). acc . sg |
| The woman went to sleep dressed because of the cold. | |||||
44
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Вчитель | похвали-в | учн-я | за | його | костюм. |
| teacher( m ). nom . sg | commend- pst . sg . m | student( m )- acc . sg | for | 3 sg . m . poss | suit( m ). acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
45
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Чоловік | поби-в | сусід-а | за | його | слов-а. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | beat- pst . sg . m | neighbour( m )- acc . sg | for | 3 sg . m . poss | word( n )- acc . pl |
| The man killed the neighbor for his words. | |||||
46
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Діт-и | поби-л-и-ся | за | м'яч. |
| child( f )- nom . pl | have_a_fight- pst - pl - refl | for | ball( m ). acc . sg |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
47
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | посвари-в-ся | з | брат-ом | через | спадок. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | have_an_argument- pst . sg . m - refl | with | brother( m )- ins . sg | through | inheritance( m ). acc . sg |
| The man argued with his brother over the inheritance. | |||||
48
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | купи-л-а | ц-ю | книг-у | через | красив-і | малюнк-и. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | buy- pst - sg . f | this- acc . sg . f | book( f )- acc . sg | through | beautiful- acc . pl | drawing( m )- acc . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
49
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | не | ста-л-а | зустріча-ти-ся | з | подруг-ою | через | поган-ий | настрій. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | neg | become- pst - sg . f | meet- inf - refl | with | friend( f )- ins . sg | through | bad- acc . sg . m | mood( m ). acc . sg |
| The woman didn't meet her friend because of her bad mood. | ||||||||
50
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Дивл-ячи-сь | на | калюж-і, | вночі | йшо-в | дощ. |
| look- cvb - refl | on | puddle( f )- acc . pl | at_night | go- pst . sg . m | rain( m ). nom . sg |
| Judging by the puddles, it rained last night. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
51
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Дивл-ячи-сь | на | бульбашк-и | вод-а | вже | закипі-л-а. |
| look- cvb - refl | on | bubble( f )- acc . pl | water( f )- nom . sg | already | begin_to_boil- pst - sg . f |
| Judging by the bubbles, the water has come to boil. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
52
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Заходь | до | дом-у. | Холодно. |
| enter. imp .2 sg | to | house( m )- gen . sg . | i t_is_cold. |
| Come in. It is cold. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | |||
53
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Де | мій | світер? | Холодно. |
| where | 1 sg . poss . m . sg | sweater( m ). nom . sg ? | i t_is_cold. |
| Where is my sweater? It is cold. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | |||
54
Status: main; causal marker: v silu GEN
| Ц-е | числ-о | не | мож-е | бу-ти | менш-им | за | одиниц-ю | в | сил-у | математичн-их | закон-ів. |
| this- nom . sg . n | number( n )- nom . sg | neg | can- prs .3 sg | be- inf | less- ins . m . sg | for | digit( f )- acc . sg | in | force( f )- acc . sg | mathematical- gen . pl | law( m )- gen . pl |
| This number cannot be less than one per mathematical law. | |||||||||||