NoCaCoDa

Adyghe

13

Status: main; causal marker: paje

ŝʷəzə-r	jə-λ̣ə	ə-ʔʷaʁe-m	paje	gʷəbžə-ʁe
woman- abs	poss -husband	3 sg . erg -say- pst - obl	because_of	be_angry- pst
The wife was angry at her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

ŝʷəzə-r	jə-λ̣ə	ə-ʔʷa-ʁe-m	ə-ʁe-gʷəbžə-ʁ
woman- abs	poss -husband	3 sg . erg -say- pst - obl	3 sg . erg - caus -be_angry- pst
The wife was angry at what her husband said.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce

ŝʷəzə-r	jə-λ̣ə	ə-ʔʷaʁe-m	feṣ̂ə-(č̣ʼe)	gʷəbžə-ʁe
woman- abs	poss -husband	3 sg . erg -say- pst - obl	for- ins	be_angry- pst
The wife was angry at her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace

ŝʷəzə-r	jə-λ̣ə	ə-ʔʷaʁe-m	qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe	gʷəbžə-ʁe
woman- abs	poss -husband	3 sg . erg -say- pst - obl	csl - loc -go_out- ins	be_angry- pst
The wife was angry at her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew

ŝʷəzə-r	jə-λ̣ə	ə-ʔʷaʁe-m	qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew	gʷəbžə-ʁe
woman- abs	poss -husband	3 sg . erg -say- pst - obl	csl - loc -go_out- adv	be_angry- pst
The wife was angry at her husband's words.

Albanian

13

Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM

Grua-ja	u	zemër-ua	nga	fjal-ët	e	burr-it	të	saj.
woman- nom . sg . def . f	refl	anger. aor . inact .3 sg	from	word- nom . pl . def . f	art	man- gen . sg . def . m	art	gen .3 f
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Arabic

13

Status: main; causal marker: galaa GEN

ɣadʕib-ati	z-zawdjat-u	ʕalaa	kalim-aat-i	zawdʒ-i=haa
get_angry. pst . pfv -3 s . f	def -wife( f ). s - nom	on	word- pl . f - gen	husband( m ). s - gen =3 s . f . poss
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: min GEN

ɣadʕib-ati	z-zawdjat-u	min	kalim-aat-i	zawdʒ-i=haa
get_angry. pst . pfv -3 s . f	def -wife( f ). s - nom	from	word- pl . f - gen	susband( m ). s - gen =3 s . f . poss
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Armenian (Eastern)

13

Status: main; causal marker: GEN vra

Kin-ə	barkac‘-av	amusn-u	xosk‘-er-i	vra.
woman- def	be_angry- aor .3 sg	husband- gen	speech- pl - gen / dat	on
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL

Kin-ə	barkac‘-av	amusn-u	xosk‘-er-ic‘.
woman- def	be_angry- aor .3 sg	husband- gen	speech- pl - abl
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN patcarov

Kin-ə	barkac‘-av	amusn-u	xosk‘-er-i	patčaŕ-ov.
woman- def	be_angry- aor .3 sg	husband- gen	speech- pl - gen	cause- ins
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

13

Status: main; causal marker: +al

báxta	crə́b-la	+al	hamzámt-ət	+gora
woman( f )	be_angry. pst - ls .3 f	on	talk. nmlz - rel	husband( m )
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

Basque

13

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Emazte-a	bere	senarr-a-ren	hitz-e-k	haserre-tu	zuten.
wife- sg [ abs ]	refl	husband- sg - gen	words- pl - erg	make_angry- pfv	aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 pl
The wife was angered because of her husband’s words.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Belarusian

13

Status: main; causal marker: na ACC

žonk-a	razzlava-l-a-sja	na	slov-y	muž-a
wife- nom . sg	get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	word- acc . pl	husband- gen . sg
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN

žonk-a	razzlava-l-a-sja	z-za	sloŭ	muž-a
wife- nom . sg	get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	word[ gen . pl ]	husband- gen . sg
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC

žonk-a	razzlava-l-a-sja	praz	slov-y	muž-a
wife- nom . sg	get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	word- acc . pl	husband- gen . sg
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

Catalan

13

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Les	paraul-es	del	seu	marit	la	van	fer	enfad-ar.
def . pl . f	word( f )- pl	from. def . sg . m	3 sg . poss . sg . m	husband( m ). sg	3 sg . f . do	go. prs .3 pl	do. inf	anger- inf
Her husband's words made her angry.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Chinese (Mandarin)

13

Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er

qīzǐ	yīnwéi	nánrén-de	huàihuà	ér	shēngqì-le
wife	because	man- poss	bad_words	and	get_angry- pfv
The wife got angry with her husband because of his words.

Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)

13

Status: main; causal marker: cine

xërarəm	obəʂk-i-n	səmag-ə	ɕi-n-e	ɕillen-ze
woman	husband- p _3- gen	word- p _3	on- p _3- obj	get_angry- cv _ sim
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

English

13

Status: main; causal marker: by

The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Erzya

13

Status: main; causal marker: langs GEN

cёra-sʲ	mer-sʲ	meze-buti	berjanʲ.	ni-sʲ	keždja-sʲ	mirde-nzè	val-tnè-nʲ	langs.
man- nom . def	say- pst .3 sg	what	bad	woman- def	to_be_angry- pst .3 sg	husband-3 sg . poss .3 sg	word- pl . def - gen	the
The man said something bad. The wife was angry at her husband's words.

Filipino

13

Status: main; causal marker: sa

Na-gálit	ang=mísis	sa	s<in>ábi=ng	míster=niyá.
pfv . mod . ev -anger	nom =wife	obl	< pv . pfv >say= gen	husband=3 sg . gen
The wife was angered by [what] her husband said.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Ik<in>a-gálit=ng	mísis	ang=s<in>ábi=ng	míster=niyá.
causalv < pv . pfv >-anger= gen	wife	nom =< pv . pfv >say= gen	husband=3 sg . gen
The wife got angry at [what] her husband said.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

French

13

Status: main; causal marker: par

La	femme	a	été	fâch-é-e	par	les	parole-s	de	son	mari.
def . f	woman( f )	have. prs .3 sg	be. ptcp . prf	anger- ptcp . prf - f	by	def . pl	speech( f )- pl	of	poss .3 sg . m	husband( m )
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

German

13

Status: main; causal marker: auf ACC

Die	Frau	war	wütend	auf	die	Worte	ihr-es	Mann-es.
def . nom	woman( f )[ sg . nom ]	be. pst .3 sg	angry	on	def . acc	word( n )- pl . acc	her- gen	husband( m )- sg . gen
The wife was angry at the words of her husband.

Guro

13

Status: main; causal marker: ma

lɩ	zàn	bhílí	filí	é	zàná	le	wɩ́	fɩ̂-lɩ	ma
woman	resp	liver	boil\ pfv	3 sg . refl	husband	poss	affair	speak- ger	on
The wife was angry because of what her husband has said.

Indonesian (Standard)

13

Status: main; causal marker: karena

istri	itu	marah	karena	kata-kata	suami-nya
wife	that	angry	because	words	husband- poss .3
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Italian

13

Status: main; causal marker: per

la	donna	si	è	arrabbiata	per	le	parole	del	marito
def . f . sg	woman	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	get_angry. pst . ptcp . f . sg	for	def . f . pl	word. pl	of. def . m . sg	husband
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Japanese

13

Status: main; causal marker: DAT

Tsuma-wa	otto-no	kotoba-ni	hara-o	tate-ta.
wife- top	husband- gen	words- dat	stomach- acc	raise- pst
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Karelian

13

Status: main; causal marker: EL

akk	verdu-i	mužika-n	sana-s
woman	get_angry- pst	man- gen	word- el
The woman was angry because of the words of her husband.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

akk	verdu-i	ukko-n	piä-le
woman	get_angry- pst	husband- gen	on- all
The wife was angry with her husband.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence.

Kazakh

13

Status: main; causal marker: DAT

äyel-i	küyew-i-niŋ	ayt-qan	söz-i-ne	žïnï	kel-di
wife- poss .3	husband- poss .3- gen	say- perf	word- poss .3- dat	angry	come- pst .3 sg
The wife was angry at the words her husband said .

Khanty (Northern)

13

Status: main; causal marker: pata

imi	λik-a	ji-s	ik-əλ	lup-əm	jasəŋ	păta
wife	anger- dat	become- pst	husband- poss .3 sg	say- nfin . pst	word	for
The wife got angry because of the words her husband said.

Khmer

13

Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa

prɒpʊən	khəŋ	khlaŋ	daoj1	saː2	piək	sɒmdəj	rɔbɒh pdəj
wife	anger	strong	daoj _ sa ː1,2	word	conversation	poss	husband
The woman was angered by her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae

prɒpʊən	khəŋ	khlaŋ	prʊəh1	tae2	piək	sɒmdəj	rɔbɒh pdəj
wife	anger	strong	pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2	word	conversation	poss	husband
The woman was angered by her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: maok pi

prɒpʊən	khəŋ	khlaŋ	maok1	pi:2	piək	sɒmdəj	rɔbɒh pdəj
wife	anger	strong	maok _ pi ː1,2	word	conversation	poss	husband
The woman was angered by her husband's words.

Khwarshi

13

Status: main; causal marker: SUPER

ʁini	χida-na	χol-lo	lož-za-ƛ’o
woman	be_angry(?)- evd	husband- gen 2	word- pl . o - super
The woman was angry at her husband's words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: POSS TRNS

χol-lo	ʕadelab-la	lož-za-qo-jža	dija	semi	m-ajk’a
husband- gen 2	silly-?	word- pl . o - poss - trns	1 sg . gen 1	anger	iii -go
I got angry because of my husband's stupid words

Kumyk

13

Status: main; causal marker: dat

qʼatyn	er	giši-ne	sёz-ler-i-ne	asːi bol-d-u
woman	man- gen 1,2	word- pl - p _3- dat	irritable	become- pst -3 sg
The wife was angry at her husband's words.

Latvian

13

Status: main; causal marker: par ACC

Siev-a	sadusmoj-ā-s	par	vīr-a	vārd-iem.
wife- nom . sg	anger. pst -3. rfl	about	husband- gen . sg	word- dat . pl
The wife got angry with her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN del

Siev-a	sadusmoj-ā-s	vīra	vārdu	dēļ.
wife- nom . sg	anger. pst -3. rfl	husband- gen . sg	word- gen . pl	because.of
The wife got angry because of her husband's words.

Lezgian

13

Status: main; causal marker: SRESS

ʔitim-di	laha-j	gaf-ar-al	pab-∅	qhil-ez	ʔaqat-na
man. s - erg	tell- aop	word- pl - sress	wife. s - abs	anger. s - dat	go_out- aor
The wife was angered by words spoken by her husband.

Lithuanian

13

Status: main; causal marker: ant GEN

Žmon-a	supyk-o	ant	vyr-o	dėl	jo	žodži-ų.
wife( f )- nom . sg	get_angry- pst .3	on	man( m )- gen . sg	because_of	he. gen	word( m )- gen . pl
The wife got angry with her husband because of his words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: del GEN

Žmon-a	supyk-o	dėl	vyr-o	žodži-ų.
wife( f )- nom . sg	get_angry- pst .3	because_of	man( m )- gen . sg	word( m )- gen . pl
The wife got angry because of her husband's words.

Moksha

13

Status: main; causal marker: inksa GEN

ava-s'	kɛžijɛ-s'	mər'd'-ənc	val-ənc	inksə
woman- def . sg	get_angry- pst .3[ sg ]	husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen	word-3 sg . poss . sg . gen	in. abl
The wife got angry because of her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: ezda GEN

ava-s'	kɛžijɛ-s'	mər'd'-ənc	ezdə
woman- def . sg	get_angry- pst .3[ sg ]	husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen	in. abl
The wife got angry because of her husband.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: DAT

ava-s'	mər'd’-ənc	val-əncti	kɛžijɛ-s’
woman- def . sg	husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen	word-3 sg . poss . sg . dat	get_angry- pst .3[ sg ]
The wife got angry at her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

al'ɛ-t'	val-ənzə	kɛžja-ft-əz'ə	ava-t'
woman- def . sg . gen	word-3 sg . poss . pl	get_angry- pst .3[ sg ]	husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen
The husband’s words angered the woman.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Norwegian (Bokmål)

13

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Kvinn-en	ble	sint	på	grunn	av	det	mann-en	sa.
woman- def . sg	stay. pst	angry	on	soil	from	def . sg . n	man- def . sg	say. pst
The wife was angry at her husband's words.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Polish

13

Status: main; causal marker: z powodu GEN

Żon-a	by-ł-a	zł-a	z	powod-u	słów męż-a.
wife- nom . sg	be- pst - f . sg	angry- nom . sg . f	from2	reason- gen . sg	husband- gen . sg
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Rozzłości-ł-y	ją	słow-a	męż-a.
make_angry- pst - nvir . pl	she. acc	word- nom . pl	husband- gen . sg
She was angered by her husband’s words.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Russian

13

Status: main; causal marker: iz-za GEN

Žen-a	razozli-l-a-sʹ	iz-za	slov	muž-a.
wife( f )- nom . sg	anger( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl	out.of-behind	word( n )[ gen . pl ]	husband( m )- gen . sg
The wife was angered because of her husband’s words.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: na ACC

Žen-a	rasserdi-l-a-sʹ	na	slov-a	muž-a.
wife( f )- nom . sg	get.mad( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl	on	word( n )- acc . pl	husband( m )- gen . sg
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Serbian

13

Status: main; causal marker: zbog GEN

žen-a	se	naljuti-l-a	zbog	muževljev-ih	reč-i
woman- nom . sg	refl	get_angry- pst . ptcp - f . sg	prep	husband’s- gen . pl	word- gen . pl
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Shughni

13

Status: main; causal marker: az

Yā	ɣ̌inik-i	az	xu	čor	gāp-en	qār	čū-d.
dem 3. f . sg	woman( f )-3 sg	el	refl	husband	word- pl	anger	do- pst
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Slovenian

13

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Žen-o	so	razjezi-l-e	možev-e	besed-e.
wife( f )- acc . sg	aux .3 pl	anger( pfv )- lpt - f . pl	husband’s- f . nom . pl	word( f )- nom . pl
Husband’s words made the woman angry.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

13

Status: alternate; causal marker: zaradi GEN

Žen-a	je	bi-l-a	jezn-a	zaradi	možev-ih	besed.
wife( f )- nom . sg	aux .3 sg	be- lpt - f . sg	angry- f . nom . sg	because.of	husband’s- gen . pl	word( f )[ gen . pl ]
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

Spanish

13

Status: main; causal marker: por

la	esposa	est-aba	enojad-a	por	las	palabra-s	de	su	marido
def . sg . f	wife( f ). sg	be- ipfv .3 sg	angry. sg . f	because_of	def . pl . f	word( f )- pl	from	poss .3 sg	husband( m ). sg
The wife was angry because of her husband’s words.

Swedish

13

Status: main; causal marker: av

Kvinna-n	blev	arg	av	mann-en-s	ord.
woman- def . c . sg	become. pst	angry	of	man- def . c . sg - gen	word
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Telugu

13

Status: main; causal marker: pai

bhārya	tana	bharta	māṭa-la	pai	kōppaḍi-ṁdi.
wife. sg	refl . poss	husband. sg . obl	word- pl . obl	over	get_angry. pst -3 sg . nm
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Udmurt (South)

13

Status: main; causal marker: DAT

Kyšno-jez-len	vož-ez	pot-i-z	kart-ez-len	vera-m-ez-lə̑.
wife- p .3 sg - gen	anger- p .3 sg	come_out- pst -3( sg )	husband- p .3 sg - gen	say- nmz - p .3 sg - dat
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Ukrainian

13

Status: main; causal marker: na ACC

Жінк-а	розсерди-л-а-ся	на	слов-а	чоловік-а.
wife( f )- nom . sg	get_angry- pst - sg . f - refl	on	word( n )- acc . pl	man( m )- gen . sg
The wife was angered because of her husband’s words.

Urdu

13

Status: main; causal marker: par

bīvī	apn-e	šɔhar	kī	bāt-oṁ	pe	gussā	th-ī.
wife( f ). sg . dir	own- m . sg . obl	husband( m ). sg . obl	adjz . f	matter( f )- pl . obl	on	anger( m ). sg . dir	be. pst - sg . f
The wife was angered by her husband’s words.

Yupik (Siberian)

13

Status: main; causal marker: INS

nuliːχ-a	uɣumijux-t-u-q	aləχquɬχa-nəŋ	uɣi-mi
woman-3 sg . poss . abs . sg	irritate- imm _ pst - ind . intr -3 sg	chat- ins . pl	husband- refl . poss . rel . sg
The woman got angry at her husband's words.

Sentence no. 13 ⮭

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