Sentence no. 17 ⮭
English: The man is screaming
Type: ontological
Adyghe
17
Status: main; causal marker: paje
| λ̣ə-r | wəzə-m | paje | me-kʷəwe |
| man- abs | pain- obl | because_of | dyn -scream |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce
| λ̣ə-r | wəzə-m | feṣ̂-(č̣ʼe) | me-kʷəwe |
| man- abs | pain- obl | for- ins | dyn -scream |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| λ̣ə-r | wəzə-m | q-j-e-ʁe-kʷəwe |
| man- abs | pain- obl | csl -3 sg . erg - dyn - caus -scream |
| The pain makes the man scream. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject. | ||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: jajakece
| λ̣ə-r | wəzə-m | jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe | me-kʷəwe |
| man- abs | pain- obl | poss -evil- ins | dyn -scream |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce
| λ̣ə-r | wəzə-m | jə-zerar-č̣ʼe | me-kʷəwe |
| man- abs | pain- obl | poss -harm- ins | dyn -scream |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
Albanian
17
Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM
| Burr-i | po | ulëre-t | nga | dhimb-ja. |
| man- nom . sg . def . m | prog | scream- prs .3 sg | from | pain- nom . sg . def . f |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||||
Arabic
17
Status: main; causal marker: min GEN
| j-asʕruχ-u | r-radʒul-u | mina | l-ʔalam-i |
| 3 s . m -scream. prs . ipfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | from | def -pain( m ). s - gen |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: bi GEN
| j-asʕruχ-u | r-radʒul-u | bi=sabab-i | l-ʔalam-i |
| 3 s . m -scream. prs . ipfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | with=reason( m ). s - gen | def -pain( m ). s - gen |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Armenian (Eastern)
17
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Tġamard-ə | c‘av-ic‘ | goŕ-um=ē. |
| man- def | pain- abl | shout- ptcp _ prs =be. prs .3 sg |
| The man screams from the pain. | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
17
Status: main; causal marker: man
| úrza | č̣arč̣úr=əl | mən | +márra |
| man( m ) | shout. prog =3 m | from | pain( m ) |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Basque
17
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Gizon-a | min-a-rengatik | garrasi-ka | ari | da. |
| man- sg [ abs ] | pain- sg - mot | scream- adv | prog | aux . prs . abs 3 sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||||
Belarusian
17
Status: main; causal marker: ad GEN
| mužčyn-a | kryčy-c' | ad | bol-ju |
| man- nom . sg | scream- prs .3 sg | prep | pain- gen . sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Catalan
17
Status: main; causal marker: de
| L' | home | crid-ava | del | mal. |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | cry- ipfv .3 sg | from. def . sg . m | pain( m ). sg |
| The man was screaming from the pain. | ||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
17
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| zhègè | nánrén | yīnwéi | téngtòng | ér | jiānjiào |
| this | man | because | pain | and | scream |
| The man is screaming out of pain. | |||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
17
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| arʑɨn | ɨrat-n-i-be | kəʂkər-at |
| man | hurt- pc _ pst - p _3- ins | scream- npst [3 sg ] |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||
English
17
Status: main; causal marker: from
| The man screamed from the pain. |
| The man screamed from the pain. |
Erzya
17
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| cera-sʲ | pižn-i | sèredʲks-tè |
| man- nom . def | scream- prs .3 sg | pain- abl |
| The man screams in pain. | ||
Filipino
17
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| S<um>i~sigáw | ang=laláki | dáhil | sa | sakít. |
| < av > ipfv ~scream | nom =man | because | obl | pain |
| The man is screaming because of the pain. | ||||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: sa
| S<um>i~sigáw | sa | sakít | ang=laláki. |
| < av > ipfv ~scream | obl | pain | nom =man |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | |||
French
17
Status: main; causal marker: de
| L’ | homme | cri-e | de | douleur. |
| def . m | man( m ) | scream- prs .3 sg | of | pain( f ) |
| The man screams from the pain. | ||||
German
17
Status: main; causal marker: vor ACC
| Der | Mann | schrei-t | vor | Schmerz-en. |
| def . nom | man( m )[ sg . nom ] | shout- prs .3 sg | before | pain( m )- pl . acc |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | ||||
Guro
17
Status: main; causal marker: lee
| gɔnɛ | zàn | siaá | kɔ́lɛ́ | tɔ́nɔ́ | léè |
| male | resp | cry\ pfv | skin | painful | at |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||||
Indonesian (Standard)
17
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| laki-laki | itu | menjerit | karena | kesakitan. |
| man | that | scream | because | pain |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | ||||
Italian
17
Status: main; causal marker: da
| l’ | uomo | urla | dal | male |
| def . m . sg | man | scream. prs .3 sg | from. def . m . sg | pain |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: per
| l’ | uomo | urla | per | il | male |
| def . m . sg | man | scream. prs .3 sg | for | def . m . sg | pain |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||||
Japanese
17
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| Dansei-wa | itami-de | saken-de-i-ru. |
| man- top | pain- ins | scream- cvb - incm - prs |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL
| Dansei-wa | itami-kara | saken-de-i-ru. |
| man- top | pain- abl | scream- cvb - incm - prs |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||
Karelian
17
Status: main; causal marker: EL
| mužik | heika-b | kibeda-s |
| man | scream-3 sg | pain- el |
| The man screams in pain. | ||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| mužik | heika-b | gor´a-l | piä-s |
| man | scream-3 sg | sorrow- ad | from- el |
| The man screams in grief. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | |||
Kazakh
17
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| er1 | adam2 | awïrs-ïn-w-ndan | ayqayla-p tur |
| man1,2. nom | feel_pain- refl - inf - abl | cry- cvb | stand. prs 2.3 sg |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
Khanty (Northern)
17
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| iki | kašimɵš | păta | ʉwt-əλ |
| man | sickness | for | scream- npst |
| The man is screaming out of pain. | |||
Khmer
17
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| koat | sraek | daoj1 | saː2 | kaː chɯː3 сap4 |
| 3 | scream | daoj _ sa ː1,2 | nmlz | feel_pain3,4 |
| He was screaming from pain. | ||||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae
| koat | sraek | prʊəh1 | tae2 | kaː chɯː3 сap4 |
| 3 | scream | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2 | nmlz | feel_pain3,4 |
| He was screaming from pain. | ||||
Khwarshi
17
Status: main; causal marker: POSS ABL
| žikwa | q’aƛ’ozaha | ajšo | leƛƛa-qo-žo |
| man | shouting | get_up\ prs | pain(?)- abl |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| uža | q’aƛ’ozaha | ah-na | l-e:ƛ-ƛo | di-žo |
| boy | shouting | achieve- evd | iv -hurt- prs | ?- abl |
| The boy screamed in pain. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||
Kumyk
17
Status: main; causal marker: abl
| er1 | giši2 | awruw-dan qʼyčyr-a |
| man1,2 | pain- abl | scream- npst .3 sg |
| The man screams in pain. | ||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: uchun
| er1 | giši2 | awruw | učun qʼyčyr-a |
| man1,2 | pain | because_of | scream- npst .3 sg |
| The man screams because of the pain. | |||
Latvian
17
Status: main; causal marker: no GEN
| Vīriet-is | kliedz | no | sāp-ēm. |
| man- nom . sg | scream. prs .3 | from | pain- dat . pl |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: LOC
| Vīriet-is | kliedz | sāp-ēs. |
| man- nom . sg | scream. prs .3 | pain- loc . pl |
| The man is screaming in pain. | ||
Lezgian
17
Status: main; causal marker: INEL
| tʔarwil-aj | ʔitim-di | haraj-zawa |
| pain- inel | man. s - erg | scream- impf |
| The man screams from the pain. | ||
Lithuanian
17
Status: main; causal marker: is GEN
| Žmog-us | šauki-a | iš | skausm-o. |
| person( m )- nom . sg | scream- prs .3 | out_of | pain( m )- gen . sg |
| The man is screaming out of pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: nuo GEN
| Žmog-us | šauki-a | nuo | skausm-o. |
| person( m )- nom . sg | scream- prs .3 | from | pain( m )- gen . sg |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | |||
Moksha
17
Status: main; causal marker: ezda GEN
| al'ɛ-s' | ivad'-i | mar'ɛj-t' | ezdə |
| man- def . sg | scream- npst .3[ sg ] | pain- def . sg . gen | in. abl |
| The man is screaming from pain. | |||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: inksa GEN
| al'ɛ-s' | ivad'-i | mar'ɛj-t' | inksə |
| man- def . sg | scream- npst .3[ sg ] | pain- def . sg . gen | because_of |
| The man is screaming from pain. | |||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
17
Status: main; causal marker: av
| Mann-en | skrike-r | av | smerte. |
| man- def . sg | shout- prs | from | pain |
| The man screams in pain. | |||
Polish
17
Status: main; causal marker: z GEN
| Mężczyzn-a | krzyczy | z | ból-u. |
| man[ nom . sg ] | scream. prs .3 sg | from2 | pain- gen . sg |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | |||
Russian
17
Status: main; causal marker: ot GEN
| Mužčin-a | kriča-l | ot | bol-i. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | scream( ipfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | from | pain( f )- gen . sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Serbian
17
Status: main; causal marker: od GEN
| muškarac | vrišt-i | od | bol-a |
| man. nom . sg | scream- prs .3 sg | prep | pain- gen . sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Shughni
17
Status: main; causal marker: az
| Yu | čorik | az | darθ | xax̌-aθ | wāγ-d. |
| dem 3. m . sg | man( m ) | el | pain | loud- adv | cry- pst |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||||
Slovenian
17
Status: main; causal marker: od GEN
| Človek | je | zakriča-l | od | bolečin-e. |
| man( m )[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | scream( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | from | pain( f )- gen . sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||||
17
Status: alternate; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Človek | je | zakričal | zaradi | bolečin-e. |
| man( m )[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | scream( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | because.of | pain( f )- gen . sg |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||||
Spanish
17
Status: main; causal marker: de
| el | hombre | grit-aba | de | dolor |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | cry- ipfv .3 sg | from | pain( m ). sg |
| The man was screaming from the pain. | ||||
Swedish
17
Status: main; causal marker: av
| Mann-en | skrik-er | av | smärta. |
| man- def . c . sg | shout- prs | of | ache |
| The man is screaming from the pain. | |||
Telugu
17
Status: main; causal marker: DAT
| atanu | noppi-ki | arus-tunn-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | pain. sg . obl - dat | cry- prs -3 sg . m |
| The man screamed from the pain. | ||
Udmurt (South)
17
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Vorgoron | keśaśk-e | və̑ś | lu-em-leś. |
| man | scream- prs .3 sg | hurt | become- nmz - abl |
| The man screamed from the pain. | |||
Ukrainian
17
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Чоловік | крич-ить | від | бол-ю. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | scream- prs .3 sg | from | pain( m )- gen . sg |
| The man screams from the pain. | |||
Urdu
17
Status: main; causal marker: me
| ādmī | dard | meṁ | cīkh | rah-ā | hɛ. |
| man( m ). sg . dir | pain( m ). sg . obl | in | shout | dur - m . sg | prs .3 sg |
| The man is screaming in pain. | |||||
Yupik (Siberian)
17
Status: main; causal marker: antalananan REL
| juk | araʁ-aq-u-q | aqni-m | aŋtala-ŋanəŋ |
| man. abs . sg | scream- prs - ind . intr -3 sg | sick- rel . sg | size-3 sg . poss . ins . sg |
| The man screams in pain. | |||