NoCaCoDa

Adyghe

2

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

qʷətame-r	zere-həλe-m	paje	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	rel . fct -heavy- obl	because_of	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke because it was too heavy.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew

qʷətame-r	jə-həλa.ʁe	qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	poss -weight	csl - loc -go_out- adv	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: paje

qʷətame-r	jə-həλa.ʁe	paje	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	poss -weight	because_of	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace

qʷətame-r	jə-həλa.ʁe	qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	poss -weight	csl - loc -go_out- ins	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

qʷətame-r	həλe-m	paje	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	heavy- obl	because_of	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch [was] so heavy that it broke
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

qʷətame-r	həλe-m	jə-ṣ̂ʷaʁe-č̣ʼe	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	heavy- obl	poss -benefit- ins	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch [was] so heavy that it broke
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

qʷətame-r	zere-həλe-m	jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	rel . fct -heavy	poss -evil- ins	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke because it was heavy.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

qʷətame-r	zere-həλe-m	jə-zerar-č̣ʼe	ze-pə-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼə-ʁ
branch- abs	rel . fct -heavy	poss -harm- ins	rec . io - loc -break- elat - pst
The branch broke because it was heavy.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Albanian

2

Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM

Dega	u	th-ye	nga	pesh-a.
branch- nom . sg . def . f	refl	break- aor . inact .3 sg	from	weight- nom . sg . def . f
The branch broke from the weight.

Arabic

2

Status: main; causal marker: li GEN

ʔinkasar-a	l-ɣusʕn-u	li=θiql-i=hi
break. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -branch( m ). s - nom	because=weight( m ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: min GEN

ʔinkasar-a	l-ɣusʕn-u	min	θiql-i=hi
break. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -branch( m ). s - nom	from	weight( m ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: min dzaraa?i GEN

ʔinkasar-a	l-ɣusʕn-u	min	dʒaraaʔ-i	θiql-i=hi
break. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -branch( m ). s - nom	from	consequence- gen	weight( m ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: bi GEN

takassar-a	l-ɣusʕn-u	bi=sabab-i	l-ʔaθqaal-i
break. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -branch( m ). s - nom	with=reason( m ). s - gen	def -weight. pl - gen
The branch broke from the weight.

Armenian (Eastern)

2

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

Canrut‘yun-ic‘	čyuġ-ə	ǰardvec‘.
weight- abl	branch- def	break: med . aor .3 sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

2

Status: main; causal marker: man

	+páva	+šmə́ṭ-lə	mən +yúkra
branch( m )	break. pst - ls .3 m	from	weight( m )
The branch broke from the weight.

Basque

2

Status: main; causal marker: GEN ondorioz

Adarr-a	pisu-a-ren	ondorio-z	puska-tu	zen.
branch- sg [ abs ]	weight- sg - gen	result- ins	break- pfv	aux . pst . abs 3 sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Belarusian

2

Status: main; causal marker: ad GEN

galink-a	zlama-l-a-sja	ad	cjažar-u
branch- nom . sg	break- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	weight- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN

galink-a	zlama-l-a-sja	z-za	cjažar-u
branch- nom . sg	break- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	weight- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC

galink-a	zlama-l-a-sja	praz	cjažar
branch- nom . sg	break- pst - sg . f - refl	prep	weight[ acc . sg ]
The branch broke from the weight.

Catalan

2

Status: main; causal marker: per

La	branc-a	es	va	trenc-ar	pel	pes.
def . sg . f	branch( f )- sg	refl	go. prs .3 sg	break- inf	for. def . sg . m	weight( m ). sg
The branch broke because of the weight.

Chinese (Mandarin)

2

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

zhège	shùzhī	bèi	zhòngwù	yā	duàn-le
this	branch	pass	weight	press	break- pfv
The branch broke from the weight.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)

2

Status: main; causal marker: pergi

torat	jurə	bergi	xoʑ-əl-za
branch	weight	post	break- refl - cv _ sim
The branch broke from the weight.

English

2

Status: main; causal marker: from

The branch broke from the weight.

Erzya

2

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

tarado-sʲ	siv-sʲ	stalmo-do
branch- nom . def	break- pst .3 sg	weight- abl
The branch broke from the weight.

Filipino

2

Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa

Na-báliˀ	ang=sangá	dáhil	sa	bigát.
pv . pfv . mod -break	nom =branch	because	obl	weight
The branch broke from the weight.

French

2

Status: main; causal marker: sous

La	branche	s’	est	cass-é-e	sous	le	poids	de	l'	oiseau.
def . f	branch( f )	refl .3	be. prs .3 sg	break. ptcp . prf - f	under	def . m	weight( m )	of	def . m	bird( m )
The branch broke under the weight of the bird.

German

2

Status: main; causal marker: wegen GEN

Der	Ast	brach	wegen	des	Gewicht-es.
def . nom	branch( m )[ sg . nom ]	break. pst .3 sg	because_of	def . gen	weight( n )- sg . gen
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: unter DAT

Der	Ast	brach	unter	dem	Gewicht.
def . nom	branch( m )[ sg . nom ]	break. pst .3 sg	under	def . dat	weight( n )[ sg . dat ]
The branch broke under the weight.

Guro

2

Status: main; causal marker: lee

yílí	bana	yelí	é	bɛ̌n	léè
tree	branch	fracture\ pfv	3 sg . refl	heaviness	at
The tree branch fractured from the weight.

Indonesian (Standard)

2

Status: main; causal marker: karena

ranting	itu	patah	karena	keberatan	beban
branch	than	broken	because	weight	burden
The branch broke from the weight.

Italian

2

Status: main; causal marker: per

il	ramo	si	è	spezzato	per	il	peso
def . m . sg	branch	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	break. pst . ptcp . m . sg	for	def . m . sg	weight
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: a causa di

il	ramo	si	è	spezzato	a	causa	del	peso
def . m . sg	branch	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	break. pst . ptcp . m . sg	to	cause	of. def . m . sg	weight
The branch broke from the weight.

Japanese

2

Status: main; causal marker: INS

Eda-ga	omo-sa-de	ore-ta.
branch- nom	heavy- nmlz - ins	break- pst
The branch broke from the weight.

Karelian

2

Status: main; causal marker: EL

puu	murenz‘	d‘üge-mi-št
tree	break. pst	heavy- nmlz - el
The branch broke from the weight.

Kazakh

2

Status: main; causal marker: NOM sebebinen

aɣaš	awïr-ï-lïq	sebeb-i-nen	sïn-ïp	ket-ti
tree. nom	heavy- poss 3- nmlz	cause- poss 3- abl	break- cbv	go- pst .3 sg
The tree broke from the weight.

Khanty (Northern)

2

Status: main; causal marker: ewelt

nʉw-en	šʉkat-əs	λawərt	ewəλt
branch- poss .2 sg	break- pst	heavy	from
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: pata

nʉw-en	šʉkat-əs	λawərt	păta
branch- poss .2 sg	break- pst	heavy	for
The branch broke from <something> heavy.

Khmer

2

Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa

mɛ:k	chɤ:	bak	daoj1	saː2	tumŋʊən	phlae	rɔbɒh viə
branch	tree	break	daoj _ sa ː1,2	weight	fruit	poss	3
The branch broke from the weight of its fruit.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: maok pi

mɛ:k	chɤ:	bak	maok1	pi:2	tumŋʊən	phlae	rɔbɒh viə
branch	tree	break	maok _ pi ː1,2	weight	fruit	poss	3
The branch broke from the weight of its fruit.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae

mɛ:k	chɤ:	bak	prʊəh1	tae2	tumŋʊən	phlae	rɔbɒh viə
branch	tree	break	pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2	weight	fruit	poss	3
The branch broke from the weight of its fruit.

Khwarshi

2

Status: main; causal marker: POSS ABL

ala	l-ic-сa	lut’-eł-nu-qo-žo
branch	iv -break- aor	heavy- vblz - msd - poss - abl
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

ala	l-ic-сa	lut’-eł-na
branch	iv -break- aor	heavy- vblz - cnv
The branch broke, being heavy.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Kumyk

2

Status: main; causal marker: abl

butaqʼ	awurluk-tan	syn-n-y
branch	heaviness- abl	break- pst -3
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: sebepli

butaqʼ	awurluk	sebepli	syn-n-y
branch	heaviness	for_the_reason	of break- pst -3
The branch broke from the weight.

Latvian

2

Status: main; causal marker: no GEN

Zar-s	nolūz-a	no	smagum-a.
branch- nom . sg	break- pst .3	from	weight- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Lezgian

2

Status: main; causal marker: SREL

zalanwil-elaj	tarts-in	χel-∅	χa-na
weight- srel	tree. s - gen	branch. s - abs	break- aor
The branch broke from the weight.

Lithuanian

2

Status: main; causal marker: nuo GEN

Šak-a	lūž-o	nuo	svori-o.
branch( f )- nom . sg	break- pst .3	from	weight( m )- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Moksha

2

Status: main; causal marker: ezda GEN

tarac'	s'in'd'-əv-s'	staka-t'	ezdə
branch	break- pass - pst .3[ sg ]	weight- def . sg . gen	in. abl
The branch broke under the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: inksa GEN

tarac'	s'in'd'-əv-s'	staka-t'	inksə
branch	break- pass - pst .3[ sg ]	weight- def . sg . gen	because_of
The branch broke under the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: DAT

staka-t'i	s'in'd'-əv-s'	tarac'
weight- def . sg . dat	break- pass - pst .3[ sg ]	branch. def . sg
The branch broke due to the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

vederka	moda-s'	povfta-l'	tarat-t'I	i	t'ɛ	staka-s'	s'in'd'-əz’ə	tarat-t'
bucket	earth- def . sg	hang- impf [3 sg ]	branch- dat	and	this	weight- def . sg	break- pst .3 sg . o .3 sg . s	branch- def . sg . gen
The bucket was hung on a branch, and the weight broke the branch.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject.

Norwegian (Bokmål)

2

Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av

Grein-a	brakk	på	grunn	av	vekt-a.
branch- def . sg	break. pst	on	soil	from	weight- def . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Polish

2

Status: main; causal marker: pod INS

Gałąź	złama-ł-a	się	pod	ciężar-em	śnieg-u.
branch[ nom . sg ]	break- pst - n . sg	refl	under	weight- ins . sg	snow- gen . sg
The branch broke under the weight of the snow.

Russian

2

Status: main; causal marker: ot GEN

Vetk-a	sloma-l-a-sʹ	ot	tjažest-i.
branch( f )- nom . sg	break( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl	from	weight( f )- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: pod INS

Vetk-a	sloma-l-a-sʹ	pod	ves-om.
branch( f )- nom . sg	break( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl	under	weight( m )- ins . sg
The branch broke under the weight.

Serbian

2

Status: main; causal marker: od GEN

gran-a	se	slomi-l-a	od	težin-e.
branch- nom . sg	refl	break- pst . ptcp - f . sg	prep	weight- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: pod INS

gran-a	se	salomi-l-a	pod	težin-om
branch- nom . sg	refl	break- pst . ptcp - f . sg	prep	weight- ins . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Shughni

2

Status: main; causal marker: az

Xix̌čak	az	wazmini	virux̌-t.
branch	el	weight	break- pst
The branch broke from the weight.

Slovenian

2

Status: main; causal marker: pod INS

Vej-a	se	je	zlomi-l-a	pod	tež-o.
branch( f )- nom . sg	refl	aux .3 sg	break( pfv )- lpt - f . sg	under	weight( f )- ins . sg
The branch broke under the weight.

Spanish

2

Status: main; causal marker: por

la	rama	se	romp-ió	por	el	peso
def . sg . f	branch( f )- sg	refl	break- aor .3 sg	because_of	def . sg . m	weight( m ). sg
The branch broke because of the weight.

Swedish

2

Status: main; causal marker: av

Gren-en	gick	sönder	av	tyngd-en.
branch- def . c . sg	go. pst	broken	of	heaviness- def . c . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Telugu

2

Status: main; causal marker: DAT

komma	baruvu-ki	virigi-ṁdi.
branch. sg	weight. sg . obl - dat	break. pst -3 sg . nm
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: valla

komma	baruvu	valla	virigi-ṁdi.
branch. sg	weight. sg . obl	by	break. pst -3 sg . nm
The branch broke because of the weight.

Udmurt (South)

2

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

Vaj-ez	tija-śk-i-z	śekyt-leś.
branch- p .3 sg	break- detr - pst -3( sg )	heavy- abl
The branch broke from the weight.

Ukrainian

2

Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN

Гілляк-а	злама-л-а-ся	від	важкост-і.
branch( f )- nom . sg	break- pst - sg . f - refl	from	heaviness( f )- gen . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

Urdu

2

Status: main; causal marker: se

ṭahnī	vazan	se	ṭūṭ	gay-ī.
branch( f ). sg . dir	weight( m ). sg . obl	from	break	go. pfv - sg . f
The branch broke from the weight.

Yupik (Siberian)

2

Status: main; causal marker: antalananan REL

awajaq	ajim-u-q	uqi-m	aŋtala-ŋanəŋ
branch. abs . sg	break. pst - ind . intr -3 sg	weight- rel . sg	size-3 sg . poss . ins . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

2

Status: alternate; causal marker: INS

awajaq	ajim-u-q	uqi-məŋ
branch. abs . sg	break. pst - ind . intr -3 sg	weight- ins . sg
The branch broke from the weight.

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