NoCaCoDa

Adyghe

21

Status: main; causal marker: fesce

šʼənaʁʷe-m	feṣ̂-(č̣ʼe)	sabəjə-r	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
fear- obl	for- ins	child- abs	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

sabəjə-r	me-šʼəne-tjə	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
child- abs	dyn -be_afraid- cs	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child got scared and therefore hid in the barn.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: jajakece

sabəjə-r	zere-šʼta-ʁe-m	jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
child- abs	rel . fct -be_scared- pst - obl	poss -evil- ins	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce

sabəjə-r	zere-šʼta-ʁe-m	jə-zerar-č̣ʼe	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
child- abs	rel . fct -be_scared- pst - obl	poss -harm- ins	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace

šʼənaʁʷe-m	qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe	sabəjə-r	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
fear- obl	csl - loc -go_out- ins	child- abs	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew

šʼənaʁʷe-m	qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew	sabəjə-r	qaqərə-m	zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
fear- obl	csl - loc -go_out- adv	child- abs	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: apq qjacew

šʼənaʁʷe-m	ə-pq	q-jə-č̣ʼə-	č̣ʼe	sabəjə-r	qaqərə-m zə-šʼ-jə-ʁe.bəλə-ʁ
fear- obl	3 sg . pr -body	csl - loc -go_out- ins	child- abs	palace- obl	rfl . abs - loc -3 sg . erg -hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Albanian

21

Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM

Fëmij-a	u	fsheh	në	hangar	nga	frik-a.
child- nom . sg . def . f	refl	hide. aor . inact .3 sg	in	barn. acc . sg . indf . m	from	fear- nom . sg . def . f
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Arabic

21

Status: main; causal marker: min GEN

ʔiχtabaʔ-a	tʕtʕifl-u	fii	l-ʔistʕabl-i	min	χawf-i=hi
hide. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -child( m ). s - nom	in	def -stable( m ). s - gen	from	fear( m ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: bi GEN

ʔiχtaf-aa	tʕtʕifl-u	fii	ʃ-ʃawnat-i	bi=sabab-i	χawf-i
hide. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -child( m ). s - nom	in	def -stable( m ). s - gen	with=reason( m ). s - gen	fear( m ). s - gen
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Armenian (Eastern)

21

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

Erexa-n	vax-ic‘	t‘ak‘nvec‘	c‘axanoc‘-um.
child- def	fear- abl	hide: med . aor .3 sg	woodshed- loc
The child hid in the woodshed out of fear.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

21

Status: main; causal marker: man

yála	súra	mən	+zdúyt-u	gán-u	tušy-á-lə	gav pága
child1,2	from	fear- p .3 m	refl ( f )- p .3 m	hide. pst - ss .3 f - ls .3 m	in	stable( m )
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Basque

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Ume-a	ikuilu-a-n	gorde	zen	beldur-tu-rik
child- sg [ abs ]	barn- sg - in	hide[ pfv ]	aux . pst . abs 3 sg	be_afraid- pfv - part
The child hid in the barn out of fear.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Ume-a	ikuilu-a-n	gorde	zen	beldurr-a-k	jo-ta.
child- sg [ abs ]	barn- sg - in	hide[ pfv ]	aux . pst . abs 3 sg	fear- sg - erg	hit- ptcp
The child hid in the barn out of fear.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Belarusian

21

Status: main; causal marker: ad GEN

dzic-ja	ad	strax-u	sxava-l-a-sja	ŭ	xljav-e
child- nom . sg	prep	fear- gen . sg	hide- pst - sg . n - refl	prep	barn- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: z GEN

dzic-ja	sa	strax-u	sxava-l-a-sja	ŭ	xljav-e
child- nom . sg	prep	fear- gen . sg	hide- pst - sg . n - refl	prep	barn- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Catalan

21

Status: main; causal marker: per

El	nen	es	va	amag-ar	al	graner	per	por.
def . sg . m	child( m ). sg	refl	go. prs .3 sg	hide- inf	to. def . sg . m	granary( m ). sg	for	fear( f ). sg
The child hid in the barn because of fear.

Chinese (Mandarin)

21

Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er

zhègè	xiǎohái	yīnwéi	hàipà	ér	duǒ	zài	gǔcāng
this	child	because	fear	and	hide	in	barn
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

aʨa	xəra-n-i-be	saraj-nj-a	bɨdan-ʨ-ə
child	be_afraid- pc _ pst - p _3- ins	barn- p _3- obj	hide- pst -3 sg
The child hid in the barn because he was afraid.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

English

21

Status: main; causal marker: out of

The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Erzya

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

èjkakšо-sʲ	tandav-mо-dоstʲ	kekš-sʲ	kardaj-s
child- nom . def	be_scared- nmlz - abl . def	hide- pst .3 sg	palace- ill
The child hid in the shed out of fear.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase

Filipino

21

Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa

Nag-tágoˀ	sa	kamálig	ang=bátaˀ	dáhil	sa	tákot.
av . pfv -hide	obl	barn	nom =child	because	obl	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

French

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

L’	enfant	s’	est	cach-é	dans	une	grange	car	il	avait	peur.
def . m	child( m )	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	hide- ptcp . prf . m	in	indef . f	barn( f )	as	3 sg . m	have. impf .3 sg	fear( f )
The child hid in the barn as he was afraid.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: par

L’

enfant

s’

est

cach-é

dans

une

grange

par

peur

de

quelque

chose.

def . m

child( m )

refl .3 sg

be. prs .3 sg

hide- ptcp . prf . m

in

indef . f

barn( f )

by

fear( f )

of

some

thing( f )

The child hid in the barn, afraid of something.

German

21

Status: main; causal marker: aus DAT

Das	Kind	hat	sich	aus	Angst	in	der	Scheune	versteck-t.
def . nom	child( n )[ sg . nom ]	have. prs .3 sg	refl	from	fear( f )[ sg . dat ]	in	def . dat	barn( f )[ sg . dat ]	hidden- ptcp . prf
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Guro

21

Status: main; causal marker: le wi ma

nɛ́	yɔʋ́	kɔ́n	pɩ-lɩ	jǐ	káná	zɛ̀nɛ	à	jì	le	wɩ́	ma
dim	hide\ pfv	house	spoilt	in	fear	put- ger	3 sg . nsbj	inside	poss	affair	on
A boy hid in a destroyed house out of fear.

Indonesian (Standard)

21

Status: main; causal marker: karena

anak	itu	bersembunyi	di	gudang	karena	katakutan
child	that	hide	in	barn	because	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Italian

21

Status: main; causal marker: per

il	bambino	si	è	nascosto	nel	capanno	per	la	paura
def . m . sg	child	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	hide. pst . ptcp . m . sg	in. def . m . sg	shed	for	def . f . sg	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: da

il	bambino	si	è	nascosto	nel	capanno	dalla	paura
def . m . sg	child	refl .3 sg	be. prs .3 sg	hide. pst . ptcp . m . sg	in. def . m . sg	shed	from. def . f . sg	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Japanese

21

Status: main; causal marker: INS

Kodomo-wa	kyōfu-de	naya-ni	kakure-ta.
child- top	fear- ins	barn- dat	hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN amari

Kodomo-wa	kyōfu-no	amari	monooki-ni	kakure-ta.
child- top	fear- gen	excessiveness	barn- dat	hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Karelian

21

Status: main; causal marker: EL

laps	varu-s	peitu-i-že	saraja-s
child	fear- el	hide- pst - med	barn- in
The child hid in the shed out of fear.

Kazakh

21

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

kiškentay	bala	qorq-ïn-ïš-tan	saray-da	tïɣ-ïl-ïp	tur
little	child. nom	fear- refl - nmlz - abl	barn- loc	hide- pass - cvb	stand. prs 2.3 sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Khanty (Northern)

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

ńawrɛm-ije	nuχ	pakən-man	soχəλ	χot-a	χăńɛmə-s
child- dim	up	get_scared- cvb	plank	house- dat	hide- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Khmer

21

Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa

daoj1

saː2

səckdəj

Ɂiən

kmah

koun

leak3

khluən4

knoŋ

phteah

mɯn

ceːɲ

maok

cuəp phɲiəw teː

daoj _ sa ː1,2

nmlz

be_shy

be_ashamed

child

hide3,4

in

house

neg

leave

approach

meet

guest

neg

As the child was ashamed, he hid in the house and didn't get out to meet the guests.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh

prʊəh

səckdəj

Ɂiən

kmah

koun

leak1

khluən2

knoŋ

phteah

mɯn

ceːɲ

maok

cuəp

phɲiəw teː

pr ƱƏ h

nmlz

be_shy

be_ashamed

child

hide1,2

in

house

neg

leave

approach

meet

guest

neg

As the child was ashamed, he hid in the house and didn't get out to meet the guests.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae

prʊəh1

tae2

səckdəj

Ɂiən

kmah

koun

leak3

khluən4

knoŋ

phteah

mɯn

ceːɲ

maok

cuəp phɲiəw teː

pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2

nmlz

be_shy

be_ashamed

child

hide3,4

in

house

neg

leave

approach

meet

guest

neg

As the child was ashamed, he hid in the house and didn't get out to meet the guests.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: maok pi

maok1

piː2

səckdəj

Ɂiən

kmah

koun

leak3

khluən4

knoŋ

phteah

mɯn

ceːɲ

maok

cuəp phɲiəw teː

maok _ pi ː1,2

nmlz

be_shy

be_ashamed

child

hide3,4

in

house

neg

leave

approach

meet

guest

neg

As the child was ashamed, he hid in the house and didn't get out to meet the guests.

Khwarshi

21

Status: main; causal marker: POSS TRNS

uža	gʷangʷa-na	uƛ-nu-qo-jža	beƛe-l
son	hide- evd	be_afraid- msd - poss - trns	barn- lat
The son hid in the barn out of fear.

Kumyk

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

jaš	qʼorqʼ-up	aran-ny	jašyn-d-y
child	be_afraid- cv _ perf	khlev- gen	hide- pst -3 sg
The child, frightened, hid in the barn.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Latvian

21

Status: main; causal marker: no GEN

Bērn-s	no	bail-ēm	paslēp-ā-s	šķūn-ī.
child- nom . sg	from	fear- gen . sg	hide. pst -3- rfl	barn- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: LOC

Bērn-s	bail-ēs	paslēp-ā-s	šķūn-ī.
child- nom . sg	fear- loc . pl	hide. pst -3- rfl	barn- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn in fear.

Lezgian

21

Status: main; causal marker: INEL

kitʃʔewil-aj	ʔajal-∅	tsura	tʃynyx	xa-na
fear- inel	child. s - abs	barn. s	hidden	become- aor
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Lithuanian

21

Status: main; causal marker: is GEN

Vaik-as	iš	baim-ės	pasislėp-ė	daržin-ėje.
child( m )- nom . sg	out_of	fear( f )- gen . sg	hide- pst .3	barn( f )- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Moksha

21

Status: main; causal marker: ezda GEN

ic'	stras't'-t'	ezdə	kɛš-s'	latal-u
child	fear- def . sg . gen	in. abl	hide- npst .3[ sg ]	hostess- lat
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Norwegian (Bokmål)

21

Status: main; causal marker: av

Barn-et	gjem-te	seg	i	uthus-et	av redsel.
child- def . sg	hide- pst	refl	barn- def . sg	from	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Polish

21

Status: main; causal marker: z GEN

Ze	strach-u	dzieck-o	schowa-ł-o	się	w	stodol-e.
from2	fear- gen . sg	child- nom . sg	hide- pst - n . sg	refl	in	barn- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Russian

21

Status: main; causal marker: ot GEN

Rebenok	sprjata-l-sja	v	sara-e	ot	strax-a.
child( m )[ nom . sg ]	hide( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl	in	barn( m )- loc . sg	from	fear( m )- gen . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Serbian

21

Status: main; causal marker: od GEN

dete	se	od	strah-a	sakri-l-o	u	šup-i
child	refl	prep	fear- gen . sg	hide- pst . ptcp - n . sg	prep	shed- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Shughni

21

Status: main; causal marker: az

Yu	kūdak	az	x̌oj	tar	saraj	xu	ǰoy	čū-d.
dem 3. m . sg	child( m )	el	fear	eq	barn	refl	hide	do- pst
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Slovenian

21

Status: main; causal marker: od GEN

Otrok	se	je	od	strah-u	skri-l	v	skedenj.
child( m )[ nom . sg ]	refl	aux .3 sg	from	fear( m )- gen . sg	hide( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]	in	barn( m )[ acc . sg ]
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Spanish

21

Status: main; causal marker: por

el	niño	se	escond-ió	en	el	granero	por	miedo
def . sg . m	child( m ). sg	refl	hide- aor .3 sg	in	def . sg . m	granary( m ). sg	because_of	fear( f ). sg
The child hid in the barn because of fear.

Swedish

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Barn-et	skräm-de-s	och	göm-de	sig	i	skjul-et.
child- def . n . sg	frighten- pst - pass	and	hide- pst	refl	in	barn- def . n . sg
The child got scared and hid in the barn.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: av

Barn-et	göm-de	sig	i	skjul-et	av	skräck.
child- def . n . sg	hide- pst	refl	in	barn- def . n . sg	of	fear
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Telugu

21

Status: main; causal marker: to

pillavāḍu	bārn-lō	bhayaṁ	tō	dacukunn-āḍu.
boy. sg	barn. sg . obl - loc	fear. sg . obl	with	hide_oneself. pst -3 sg . m
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

21

Status: alternate; causal marker: DAT

pillavāḍu	bārn-lō	bhayāniki	dacukunn-āḍu.
boy. sg	barn. sg . obl - loc	fear. sg . dat	hide_oneself. pst -3 sg . m
The child hid in the barn due to fear.

Udmurt (South)

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Pinal	kurda-sa	pegǯ́-i-z	saraj-e.
child	be_afraid- cvb	run- pst -3( sg )	shed- ill
The child ran to the barn, frightened.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Ukrainian

21

Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN

Дитин-а	від	страх-у	сховал-а-ся	в	хлів-у.
child( f )- nom . sg	from	fear( m )- gen . sg	hide- pst - sg . f - refl	in	barn( m )- loc . sg
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Urdu

21

Status: main; causal marker: ke mare

bacchā	godām	meṁ	xɔf	ke	māre	cup	gay-ā.
child( m ). sg . dir	shed( m ). sg . obl	in	fear( m ). sg . obl	adjz . m . sg . obl	because_of	hide	go. pfv - sg . m
The child hid in the barn out of fear.

Yupik (Siberian)

21

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

taʁnuχaq	aliŋ-lu-ni	iχ-t-u-q	siːnu-mi
child. abs . sg	be_afraid- sub -3 sg . ss	hide- imm _ pst - ind . intr -3 sg	pantry- loc . sg
The child, frightened, hid in the shed.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Sentence no. 21 ⮭

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