Sentence no. 25 ⮭
English: The woman can’t fall asleep
Type: ontological
Adyghe
25
Status: main; causal marker: paje
| arʁʷej-xe-m | (а-)paje | bzəλfəʁe-r | čəje-ŝʷə-r-ep |
| mosquito- pl - obl | (3 pl . po )-because_of | woman- abs | sleep- hbl - dyn - neg |
| A woman can't sleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| bzəλfəʁe-r | arʁʷej-me | a-ʁe-čəje-r-ep |
| woman- abs | mosquito- obl . pl | 3 pl . erg - caus -sleep- dyn - neg |
| Mosquitoes do not allow a woman to sleep. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject. | ||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: jalazece
| arʁʷej-xe-m | ja-lažʼe-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | čəje-ŝʷə-r-ep |
| mosquito- pl - obl | 3 pl . pr + poss -guilt- ins | woman- abs | sleep- hbl - dyn - neg |
| A woman can't sleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce
| arʁʷej-xe-m | feṣ̂-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | čəje-ŝʷə-r-ep |
| mosquito- pl - obl | for- ins | woman- abs | sleep- hbl - dyn - neg |
| A woman can't sleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: jajakece
| arʁʷej-xe-m | ja-jaʁe-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | čəje-ŝʷə-r-ep |
| mosquito- pl - obl | 3 pl + poss -evil- ins | woman- abs | sleep- hbl - dyn - neg |
| A woman can't sleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce
| arʁʷej-xe-m | ja-zerar-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | čəje-ŝʷə-r-ep |
| mosquito- pl - obl | 3 pl + poss -harm- ins | woman- abs | sleep- hbl - dyn - neg |
| A woman can't sleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
Albanian
25
Status: main; causal marker: per shkak te GEN
| Grua-n | nuk | mund | t-a | zërë | gjum-i | për | shkak | të | mushkonj-ave. |
| woman- acc . sg . def . f | neg | can. prs .3 sg | sbjv - acc .3 sg | take. prs . sbjv .3 sg | sleep- nom . sg . def . m | for | reason. acc . sg . indf . m | art | mosquito- gen . pl . f |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Arabic
25
Status: main; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| laa | t-astatʕiiʕ-u | l-marʔat-u | n-nawm-a | bi=sabab-i | l-baʕuudʕ-i |
| neg | 3 s . f -be_able. prs . ipfv -3 s . f | def -woman( f ). s - nom | def -sleep( m ). s - acc | with=reason( m ). s - gen | def -mosquitoes( m )- gen |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Armenian (Eastern)
25
Status: main; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Mocak-ner-i | patčaŕ-ov | kin-ə | č‘i | karoġan-um | k‘n-el. |
| gnat- pl - gen | cause- ins | woman- def | neg .be. prs .3 sg | be_able- ptcp _ prs | sleep- inf |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
25
Status: main; causal marker: but
| báxta | léva | bašúra | damx-á-va | ka | but | baky̭áy |
| woman( f ) | neg .3. retr | be_able. prog | sleep. prs - ss .3 f - retr | to | about | mosquito( f ). pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||
Basque
25
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Emakume-a-k | ezin | du | moskito-engatik | lo | har-tu. |
| woman- sg - erg | impossibility | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg | mosquito[ pl ]- mot | sleep | take- pfv |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Belarusian
25
Status: main; causal marker: praz ACC
| žančyn-a | ne | mož-a | zasnu-c' | praz | kamar-oŭ |
| woman- nom . sg | neg | be_able- prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | prep | mosquito- acc . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN
| žančyn-a | ne | mož-a | zasnu-c' | z-za | kamar-oŭ |
| woman- nom . sg | neg | be_able- prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | prep | mosquito- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Catalan
25
Status: main; causal marker: per culpa de
| La | dona | no | es | pot | adorm-ir | per | culp-a | dels | mosquit-s. |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | neg | refl | be_able. prs .3 sg | get_off_to_sleep- inf | for | blame( f )- sg | from. def . pl . m | mosquito( m )- pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
25
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| zhègè | nǚrén | yīnwéi | wénzǐ | ér | wúfǎ | rùshuì |
| this | woman | because | mosquito | and | unable | fall_asleep |
| The woman cannot fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
25
Status: main; causal marker: pergi
| xërarəm | vərəmdonə-zam | bergi | ɕur-za | kaj-i-mes |
| woman | mosquito- pl | post | sleep- cv _ sim | go- pot - neg . npst [3 sg ] |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
English
25
Status: main; causal marker: because of
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. |
Erzya
25
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| ava-sʲ | a | matedev-i | sesʲke-tne-nʲ | kuvalma |
| woman- nom . def | not | fall_asleep- prs .3 sg | mosquito- pl . def - gen | on |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL
| ava-sʲ | a | уdу-v-i | maraka-tne-de |
| woman- nom . def | not | sleep- inch - prs .3 sg | mosquito- pl . def - abl |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||
Filipino
25
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Hindíˀ | maka-túlog | ang=babáe | dáhil | sa | mga=lamók. |
| neg | av . neut . mod -sleep | nom =woman | because | obl | pl =mosquito |
| The woman cannot fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
French
25
Status: main; causal marker: a cause de
| La | femme | ne | peut | pas | s’ | endorm-ir | à | cause | des | moustique-s. |
| def . f | woman( f ) | neg | can. prs .3 sg | neg 2 | refl .3 | fall.asleep- inf | to | cause | of. def . pl | mosquitoe( m )- pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||||||
German
25
Status: main; causal marker: wegen GEN
| Die | Frau | kann | nicht | schlafen | wegen | der | Mücke-n. |
| def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | can. prs .3 sg | not | sleep. inf | because_of | def . gen | mosquito( f )- pl [ gen ] |
| The woman cant fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||
Guro
25
Status: main; causal marker: lee
| lɩ | zàn | ká | sɔ́à | yiɛ̀-lɩ | nya | kɛnɛnɛ | nû | leè | lo |
| woman | resp | neg | be.liked\ ipfv . neg - ipfv | sleep- ger | with | mosquito | pl | at | neg |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
25
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| wanita | itu | tidak | bisa | tidur | karena | nyamuk |
| woman | that | neg | can | sleep | because | mosquito |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||
Italian
25
Status: main; causal marker: per
| la | donna | non | riesce | ad | addormentarsi | per | le | zanzare |
| def . f . sg | woman | neg | succeed. prs .3 sg | to | fall_asleep. inf . refl | for | def . f . pl | mosquito. pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: a causa di
| la | donna | non | riesce | ad | addormentarsi | a | causa | delle | zanzare |
| def . f . sg | woman | neg | succeed. prs .3 sg | to | fall_asleep. inf . refl | to | cause | of. def . f . pl | mosquito. pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Japanese
25
Status: main; causal marker: GEN sei-de
| Josei-wa | ka-no | sei-de | ne-rare-na-i. |
| woman- top | mosquitoes- gen | fault- ins | sleep- pot - neg - prs |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||
Karelian
25
Status: main; causal marker: tahte GEN
| akk | e-i | voi | uino-ta | s‘iäsk-i-n | tähte |
| woman | neg -3 | can | fall_asleep- inf | mosquito- pl - gen | because_of |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: perad GEN
| inehmuu | e-i | voi | uin-da | siäske-n | perad |
| woman | neg -3 | can | fall_asleep- inf | mosquito- gen | because_of |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Kazakh
25
Status: main; causal marker: GEN kesirinen
| äyel1 | adam2 | masa-nïŋ | kesirinen | uyïqta-y | al-ma-y žatïr |
| woman1,2. nom | mosquito- gen | because_of | sleep- cvb | take- neg - cvb | lie. prs 2.3 sg |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Khanty (Northern)
25
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| imi | pɛλŋa | păta | ăn | wujəm-λ-a |
| woman | mosquito | for | neg | fall_asleep- npst - pass |
| The woman is not falling asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
Khmer
25
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| koat | deːk | mɯn | lʊək | daoj1 | saː2 | muːh kham |
| 3 | lie_down | neg | sleep | daoj _ sa ː1,2 | mosquito | bite |
| He lied down without sleeping because mosquitoes bit him. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: daoj sa
| koat | deːk | mɯn | lʊək | daoj1 | saː2 muːh |
| 3 | lie_down | neg | sleep | daoj _ sa ː1,2 | mosquito |
| He lied down without sleeping because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| koat | deːk | mɯn | lʊək | prʊəh1 | tae2 | muːh kham |
| 3 | lie_down | neg | sleep | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2 | mosquito | bite |
| He lied down without sleeping because mosquitoes bit him. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| koat | deːk | mɯn | lʊək | maok1 | pi2ː | muːh kham |
| 3 | lie_down | neg | sleep | maok _ pi ː1,2 | mosquito | bite |
| He lied down without sleeping because mosquitoes bit him. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
Khwarshi
25
Status: main; causal marker: SUPER ATR
| ʁini | ƛes-a | j-eqw-ate | k’ara-za-ƛo-sa |
| woman | fall_asleep- inf | ii -be_able- neg . prs | mosquito- pl - super - atr |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| žikʷa | ƛes-ł-ate | k’ara-za | hajn-o | idi-žo |
| man | fall_asleep- pot - neg . prs | mosquito- pl . o | bite\ prs | ?- abl |
| A man cannot sleep because mosquitoes bite. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||
Kumyk
25
Status: main; causal marker: abl
| qʼatyn | žibin-ler-den | juχla-p | bol-ma-d-y |
| woman | fly- pl - abl | sleep- cv _ perf | become- neg - pst -3 sg |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the flies. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: uchun
| qʼatyn | žibin-ler | učun | juχla-p | bol-ma-d-y |
| woman | fly- pl | because_of | sleep- cv _ perf | become- neg - pst -3 sg |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the flies. | ||||
Latvian
25
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Sieviet-e | od-u | dēļ | ne-var | aizmig-t. |
| woman- nom . sg | mosquito- gen . pl | because.of | neg -can. prs .3 | fall.asleep- inf |
| The woman cannot fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
Lezgian
25
Status: main; causal marker: gilaj GEN
| vetʔ-er-in | ɣil-aj | diʃehli-∅ | ʔaχwar-iz | fi-zwa-fʃ |
| mosquito- pl - gen | hand. s - inel | woman. s - abs | sleep. s - dat | go- impf - neg |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
Lithuanian
25
Status: main; causal marker: del GEN
| Moter-is | ne-gal-i | užmig-ti | dėl | uod-ų. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | not-can- prs .3 | fall_asleep- inf | because_of | mosquito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman cannot fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: per ACC
| Moter-is | ne-gal-i | užmig-ti | per | uod-us. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | not-can- prs .3 | fall_asleep- inf | through | mosquito( m )- acc . pl |
| The woman cannot fall asleep due to the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: nuo GEN
| Moter-is | ne-gal-i | užmig-ti | nuo | uod-ų. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | not-can- prs .3 | fall_asleep- inf | from | mosquito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman cannot fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
Moksha
25
Status: main; causal marker: inksa GEN
| avas' | af | matəd-əv-I | s'ɛs'kə-n'ə-n' | inksə |
| woman- def . sg | woman- def . sg | fall_asleep- pass - npst .3[ sg ] | mosquito- def . pl - gen | because_of |
| The woman can’t sleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: ezda GEN
| avas' | af | matəd-əv-I | s'ɛs'kə-n'ə-n' | ezdə |
| woman- def . sg | woman- def . sg | fall_asleep- pass - npst .3[ sg ] | mosquito- def . pl - gen | in. abl |
| The woman can’t sleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: CSL
| avas' | af | matəd-əv-I | s'ɛs'kə-nksə |
| woman- def . sg | woman- def . sg | fall_asleep- pass - npst .3[ sg ] | mosquito- cls |
| The woman can’t sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: DAT
| avas' | af | matəd-əv-i | s'ɛs'kə-n'd'i |
| woman- def . sg | woman- def . sg | fall_asleep- pass - npst .3[ sg ] | mosquito- pl . dat |
| The woman can’t sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
25
Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av
| Kvinn-en | klare-r | ikke | å | sovne | på | grunn | av mygg-en. |
| woman- def . sg | cope- prs | neg | fall_asleep | on | soil | from | mosquito- def . sg |
| The woman cannot sleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||
Polish
25
Status: main; causal marker: przez ACC
| Kobiet-a | nie | może | zasną-ć | przez | komar-y. |
| woman- nom . sg | neg | be_able. prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | through | mosquito- acc . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: z powodu GEN
| Kobiet-a | nie | może | zasną-ć | z | powod-u | komar-ów. |
| woman- nom . sg | neg | be_able. prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | from2 | reason- gen . sg | mosquito- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||
Russian
25
Status: main; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Ženščin-a | ne | mož-et | zasnu-tʹ | iz-za | komar-ov. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | not | be.able( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | fall.asleep( pfv )- inf | out.of-behind | mosquito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Serbian
25
Status: main; causal marker: od GEN
| žen-a | ne | mož-e | da | zasp-i | od | komarac-a |
| woman- nom . sg | neg | can- prs .3 sg | compl | fall_asleep- prs .3 sg | prep | mosquito- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||||
Shughni
25
Status: main; causal marker: az dasti
| Yā | ɣ̌inik | az | dasti | tivdak-en | tar | xu | x̌êvdow | na-vār | δo-d. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f ) | el | caus | mosquito- pl | eq | refl | sleep. inf | neg -can | give- pst |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Slovenian
25
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Žensk-a | ne | more | zaspa-ti | zaradi | komarj-ev. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | not | be.able( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | fall.asleep( pfv )- inf | because.of | moscito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Spanish
25
Status: main; causal marker: debido a
| la | mujer | no | puede | concili-ar | el | sueño | debido | a | los mosquito-s |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | neg | be_able. prs .3 sg | conciliate- inf | def . sg . m | sleep( m ). sg | due_to | def . pl . m | mosquito( m )- pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Swedish
25
Status: main; causal marker: pa grund av
| Kvinna-n | kan | inte | somna | på | grund | av | mygg-en. |
| woman- def . c . sg | can. prs | neg | fall_asleep. inf | on | ground | of | mosquito- def . n . pl |
| The woman can't fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||
Telugu
25
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| āviḍa | dōma-la | valla | nidrapō-lēdu. |
| that_woman. sg | mosquito- pl . obl | by | sleep- neg . pst |
| The woman didn’t fall asleep due to mosquitoes. | |||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: karanamga
| āviḍa | dōma-la | kāraṇaṁgā | nidrapō-lēdu. |
| that_woman. sg | mosquito- pl . obl | because_of | sleep- neg . pst |
| The woman didn't fall asleep because of mosquitoes. | |||
Udmurt (South)
25
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Kyšnomurt-len | ug | lu-y | iź-em-ez | č́ibiń-jos-leś. |
| woman- gen | neg . prs | become- sg | sleep- nmz - p .3 sg | mosquito- pl - abl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | ||||
25
Status: alternate; causal marker: INS
| Kyšnomurt-len | ug | lu-y | iź-em-ez | č́ibiń-jos-yn. |
| woman- gen | neg . prs | become- sg | sleep- nmz - p .3 sg | mosquito- pl - ins |
| The woman can’t fall asleep with the mosquitoes. | ||||
Ukrainian
25
Status: main; causal marker: vid GEN
| Жінк-а | не | мож-е | засну-ти | від | комар-ів. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | neg | can- prs .3 sg | fall_asleep- inf | from | mosquito( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||
Urdu
25
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ɔrat | ko | macchar-oṁ | kī | vajah | se | nīnd | nahīṁ | ā | rah-ī. |
| woman( f ). sg . obl | obj | mosquito( m )- pl . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | sleep( f ). sg . dir | neg 2 | come | dur - f |
| The woman can’t fall asleep because of the mosquitoes. | |||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
25
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| aʁnaq | kavaχ-tə-snaniʁ-ak-a-t | ŋuːjŋaːʁa-t |
| woman. abs . sg | sleep- tr - caus . neg - prs - ind . tr -3 pl .3 sg | midge- rel . pl |
| The midges did not let the woman sleep. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject. | ||