Sentence no. 29 ⮭
English: The woman was late for work
Type: ontological
Adyghe
29
Status: main; causal marker: jalazece
| bzəλfəʁe-r | jə-λ̣ə | jə-lažʼe-č̣ʼe | qe-gʷəẑʷa-ʁ |
| woman- abs | poss -husband | poss -benefit- ins | csl -be_late- pst |
| A woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: paje
| bzəλfəʁe-r | jə-λ̣ə | paje | qe-gʷəẑʷa-ʁ |
| woman- abs | poss -husband | because_of | csl -be_late- pst |
| A woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| bzəλfəʁe-r | jə-λ̣ə | q-ə-ʁe-gʷəẑʷa-ʁ |
| woman- abs | poss -husband | csl -3 sg . erg - caus -late- pst |
| The woman was forced by her husband to be late. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject. | ||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: jajakece
| jə-λ̣ə | jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | qe-gʷəẑʷa-ʁ |
| poss -husband | poss -evil- ins | woman- abs | csl -be_late- pst |
| A woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce
| jə-λ̣ə | jə-zerar-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | qe-gʷəẑʷa-ʁ |
| poss -husband | poss -harm- ins | woman- abs | csl -be_late- pst |
| A woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||
Albanian
29
Status: main; causal marker: per shkak te GEN
| Grua-ja | u | bë | vonë | për | në | punë | për | shkak | të burr-it të saj. |
| woman- nom . sg . def . f | refl | do. aor . inact .3 sg | late | for | on | work. acc . sg . indf . f | for | reason. acc . sg . indf . m | man- gen . sg . def . m . |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||||||
Arabic
29
Status: main; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| taʔaχχar-ati | z-zawdʒat-u | ʕani | l-ʕamal-i | bi=sabab-i | zawadʒ-i=haa |
| be_late. pst . pfv -3 s . f | def -wife- s . f - nom | from | def -work. m - gen | with=reason( m ). s - gen | husband( m ). s - gen =3 s . f . poss |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Armenian (Eastern)
29
Status: main; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Kin-ə | ušac‘-av | ašxatank‘-ic‘ | amusn-u | patčaŕ-ov. |
| woman- def | be_late- aor .3 sg | work- abl | husband- gen | cause- ins |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
29
Status: main; causal marker: but
| báxta | urkə́l-la | +al | pəlxána | ka | but | gór-o |
| woman( f ) | be_late. pst - ls .3 f | to | work( m ) | to | about | husband( m )- p .3 f |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Basque
29
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Emakume-a | bere | senarr-a-rengatik | berandu | irits-i | zen | lan-era. |
| woman- sg [ abs ] | refl | husband- sg - mot | late | arrive- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg | work[ sg ]- all |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Belarusian
29
Status: main; causal marker: praz ACC
| žančyn-a | spazni-l-a-sja | na | prac-u | praz | muž-a |
| woman- nom . sg | be_late- pst - sg . f - refl | prep | work- acc . sg | prep | husband- acc . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Catalan
29
Status: main; causal marker: per culpa de
| La | don-a | fe-ia | tard | per | culp-a | del | seu | marit. |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | do- ipfv .3 sg | late | for | blame( f )- sg | from. def . sg . m | 3 sg . poss . sg . m | husband( m ). sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
29
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| zhègè | nǚrén | yīnwéi | tā | zhàngfū-de | yuányīn | ér | gōngzuò | chídào |
| this | woman | because | she | husband- poss | reason | and | work | late |
| The wife was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
29
Status: main; causal marker: pergi
| xërarəm | obəʂk-i | bergi | ëʑ-e | kaja | jol-za |
| woman | husband- p _3 | post | work- obj | back | stay- cv _ sim |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
English
29
Status: main; causal marker: because of
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. |
Erzya
29
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| ava-sʲ | pozdaja-sʲ | važode-ma | tarka-s | mirde-nzè | kuvalma |
| woman- nom . def | late- pst .3 sg | work- nmlz | place- ill | husband-3 sg . poss .3 sg . gen | out |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| ava-sʲ | pozda-sʲ | robуta-v | mirde-nze | kisè |
| woman- nom . def | late- pst .3 sg | work- all | husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen | because_of |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Filipino
29
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Na-hulí | sa | trabáho | ang=babáe | dáhil | sa | kanyá-ng | asáwa. |
| pfv . mod . ev -late | obl | work | nom =woman | because | obl | 3 sg . gen - lk | spouse |
| The woman was late for work because of her spouse. | |||||||
French
29
Status: main; causal marker: a cause de
| La | femme | a | été | en | retard | pour | son | travail | à | cause | de | son | mari. |
| def . f | woman( f ) | have. prs .3 sg | be. ptcp . prf | at | delay | for | poss .3 sg . m | work( m ) | to | cause | of | poss .3 sg . m | husband( m ) |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||||||||||
German
29
Status: main; causal marker: wegen GEN
| Die | Frau | war | zu | spät | für | die | Arbeit | wegen | ihr-es | Mann-es. |
| def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | be. pst .3 sg | too | late | for | def . acc | work( f )[ sg . acc ] | because_of | her- gen | husband( m )- sg . gen |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: wegen DAT
| Die | Frau | war | zu | spät | für | die | Arbeit | wegen | ihr-em | Mann. |
| def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | be. pst .3 sg | too | late | for | def . acc | work( f )[ sg . acc ] | because_of | her- dat | husband( m )[ sg . dat ] |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||
Guro
29
Status: main; causal marker: pa ji nya
| lɩ | zàn | dǎ | é | vòèlà | é | le | nyáná | la, | à | zàná | páì | nya |
| woman | resp | come\ pfv | adv | last | 3 sg . refl | poss | work | on | 3 sg . nsbj | husband | track.inside | with |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
29
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| wanita | itu | terlambat | untuk | bekerja | karena | suami-nya |
| woman | that | late | for | work | because | husband- poss .3 |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Italian
29
Status: main; causal marker: per colpa di
| la | donna | ha | fatto | tardi | al | lavoro | per | colpa | del | marito |
| def . f . sg | woman | have. prs .3 sg | make. pst . ptcp . m . sg | late | to. def . m . sg | work | for | fault | of. def . m . sg | husband |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||
Japanese
29
Status: main; causal marker: GEN sei-de
| Josei-wa | otto-no | sei-de | shigoto-ni | okure-ta. |
| woman- top | husband- gen | fault- ins | work- dat | be_late- pst |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Karelian
29
Status: main; causal marker: tahte GEN
| häin | mühästu-i | ruada-le | ukko-n | tähte |
| 3 sg | be_late- pst | work- all | husband- gen | because_of |
| She was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: perad GEN
| akk | müöhästu-i | ruado-le | mihe-n | perad |
| woman | be_late- pst | work- all | husband | because_of |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Kazakh
29
Status: main; causal marker: GEN kesirinen
| äyel | küyew-i-niŋ | kesirinen | žumïs-qa | kešik-ti |
| woman. nom | husband- poss .3- gen | because_of | work- dat | be_late- pst .3 sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Khanty (Northern)
29
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| imi | ik-əλ | păta | rɵpata-jəλ-a | ewəλt | juχi | χăš-əs |
| woman | man- poss .3 sg | for | work- poss .3 sg - dat | from | home | stay- pst |
| The wife was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Khmer
29
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| sətrəj | nih | maok1 | jɯːt2 | daoj3 | saː4 | pdəj rɔbɒh kɔat |
| woman | this | be_late1,2 | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | husband | poss | 3 |
| This woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Khwarshi
29
Status: main; causal marker: SUPER sabalana
| ʁini | kʷat’it-ta | ħalt’i- | ƛ’o-l | χol- ƛ’o sabałana |
| woman | be_late- aor | work- super - dat | husband- super | because_of |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: SUPER ATR
| ʁini | kʷat’it-ta | ħalt’i- | ƛ’o-l χol- ƛ’o-sa |
| woman | be_late- aor | work- super - dat | husband- super - atr |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||
Kumyk
29
Status: main; causal marker: uchun
| qʼatyn | iš-ge | geč | bol-d-u | er-i | učun |
| woman | work- dat | late | become- pst -3 sg | man- p _3 | because_of |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Latvian
29
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Sieviet-e | nokavēj-a | darb-u | vīr-a | dēļ. |
| woman- nom . sg | be.late. pst .3 | work- acc . sg | husband- gen . sg | because.of |
| The wife was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Lezgian
29
Status: main; causal marker: kiligna DAT
| ɣyl-yz | kilig-na | diʃehli-∅ | kʔwalaχal | geʒ | xa-na |
| husband. s - dat | watch- aoc | woman. s - abs | work. s | late | become- aor |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Lithuanian
29
Status: main; causal marker: del GEN
| Žmon-a | pavėlav-o | į | darb-ą | dėl | vyr-o. |
| wife( f )- nom . sg | be_late- pst .3 | into | work( m )- acc . sg | because_of | man( m )- gen . sg |
| The wife was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: per ACC
| Žmon-a | pavėlav-o | į | darb-ą | per | vyr-ą. |
| wife( f )- nom . sg | be_late- pst .3 | into | work( m )- acc . sg | through | man( m )- acc . sg |
| The wife was late for work due to her husband. | |||||
Moksha
29
Status: main; causal marker: inksa GEN
| ava-s' | pozdanda-z'ə | rabota-mə | mər'd'-ənc | inksə |
| woman- def . sg | late- pst .3 sg . o .3 sg . s | work- inf | husband-3 sg . poss . sg . gen | because_of |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
29
Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av
| Kvinn-en | kom | for | sent | til | jobb-en | på | grunn | av | mannen. |
| woman- def . sg | go. pst | too | late | to | work- def . sg | on | soil | from | man- def . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||||||
Polish
29
Status: main; causal marker: przez ACC
| Kobiet-a | spóźni-ł-a | się | do | prac-y | przez | swoj-ego | męż-a. |
| woman- nom . sg | make_late- pst - f . sg | refl | at | work- gen . sg | through | one’s- acc . sg . m | husband- acc . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||||
Russian
29
Status: main; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Ženščin-a | opozda-l-a | na | rabot-u | iz-za | muž-a. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | be.late( pfv )- pst - f . sg | on | work( f )- acc . sg | out.of-behind | husband( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: po vine GEN
| Ženščin-a | opozda-l-a | na | rabot-u | po | vin-e | muž-a. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | be.late( pfv )- pst - f . sg | on | work( f )- acc . sg | by | guilt( f )- dat . sg | husband( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Serbian
29
Status: main; causal marker: zbog GEN
| žen-a | je | zakasni-l-a | na | posao | zbog | muž-a |
| woman- nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | be_late- pst . ptcp - f . sg | prep | work. acc . sg | prep | husband- gen . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Shughni
29
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Yā | ɣ̌inik | az | rui | xu | čor | tar | kor-i | der1 čū-d2. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f ) | el | caus | refl | husband | eq | work- izf | be_late1,2- pst |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: daroyi
| Yā | ɣ̌inik | daroyi | xu | čor | tar | kor-i | der1 čū-d2. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f ) | caus | refl | husband | eq | work- izf | be_late1,2- pst |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||||
29
Status: alternate; causal marker: az dasti
| Yā | ɣ̌inik | az | dasti | xu | čor | tar | kor-i | der1 čū-d2. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f ) | el | caus | refl | husband | eq | work- izf | be_late1,2- pst |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||
Slovenian
29
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Žensk-a | je | zamudi-l-a | služb-o | zaradi | svoj-ega | mož-a. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | aux .3 sg | be.late( pfv )- lpt - f . sg | work( f )- acc . sg | because.of | one’s- m . gen . sg | husband( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Spanish
29
Status: main; causal marker: por culpa de
| la | mujer | lleg-ó | tarde | al | trabajo | por | culpa | de | su | marido |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | arrive- aor .3 sg | late | for. def . sg . m | work( m ). sg | by | fault | of | poss .3 sg | husband( m ). sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||
Swedish
29
Status: main; causal marker: pa grund av
| Kvinna-n | kom | sen-t | till | jobb-et | på | grund | av | sin | man. |
| woman- def . c . sg | come. pst | late- def . n . sg | to | work- def . n . sg | on | ground | of | poss . refl . n . sg | man |
| The woman came late to work because of her husband. | |||||||||
Telugu
29
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| āviḍa | tana | bharta | valla | pani-ki | ālasyaṁ | ayi-ṁdi. |
| that_woman. sg | refl . poss | husband. sg . obl | by | work. sg . obl - dat | delay. sg | become. pst -3 sg . nm |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||
Udmurt (South)
29
Status: main; causal marker: DAT luysa
| Kyšnomurt | ber-e | kyĺ-i-z | už-e | kart-ez-ly | lu-ysa |
| woman | late- ill | leave- pst -3( sg ) | work- ill | husband- p .3 sg - dat | become- cvb |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Ukrainian
29
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | спізни-л-а-ся | на | робот-у | через | чоловік-а. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | be_late- pst - sg . f - refl | on | work( f )- acc . sg | through | man( m )- acc . sg |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | |||||
Urdu
29
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ɔrat | ko | kām | pe | jā-n-e | meṁ | derī | apn-e | sɔhar | ki | vajah | se | ho | rah-ī | th-ī. |
| woman( f ). sg . obl | obj | work( m ). sg . obl | on | go- inf - obl | in | delay( f ). sg . dir | own- m . sg . obl | husband( m ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | be | dur - f | pst - sg . f |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||||||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
29
Status: main; causal marker: antalananan REL
| aʁnaq | aŋi-n̥əʁit-u-q | qəpχa-ʁviɣ-mun | uɣi-ŋan | apaɬa-nəŋ |
| woman. abs . sg | do_in_time- neg - ind . intr -3 sg | work-?- dat . sg | husband-3 sg . poss . rel . sg | cause- ins . pl |
| The woman was late for work because of her husband. | ||||