Sentence no. 32 ⮭
English: The man can see better now
Type: ontological
Adyghe
32
Status: main; causal marker: fesce
| apjeracjəje-m | feṣ̂ə-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-m | nah–deʁʷ-ew | ə-λeʁʷə | χʷə-ʁe |
| surgery- obl | for- ins | man- obl | more-well- adv | 3 sg . erg -see | become- pst |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: jaswakece
| apjeracjəje-m | jə-ṣ̂ʷaʁe-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-m | nah–deʁʷ-ew | ə-λeʁʷə | χʷə-ʁe |
| surgery- obl | poss -benefit- ins | man- obl | more-well- adv | 3 sg . erg -see | become- pst |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: jahatarce
| apjeracjəje-m | jə-hatər-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-m | nah–deʁʷ-ew | ə-λeʁʷə | χʷə-ʁe |
| surgery- obl | poss -in- ins | man- obl | more-well- adv | 3 sg . erg -see | become- pst |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Albanian
32
Status: main; causal marker: fale DAT
| Burr-i | arri-n | të | shoh-ë | më | mirë | tani | falë | operacion-it. |
| man- nom . sg . def . m | manage- prs .3 sg | sbjv | see- prs . sbjv .3 sg | part | good | now | thanks_to | operation- dat . sg . def . m |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | ||||||||
Arabic
32
Status: main; causal marker: bi fadgli GEN
| ʔasʕbaħ-a | r-radʒul-u | j-ar-aa | bi=ʃakl-i-n | ʔafdʕal-a | bi=fadʕl-i | l-ʕamalijjat-i |
| become. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | 3 s . m -see. prs . ipfv -3 s . m | with=view( m ). s - gen - indef | best. s . m - gen | with=advantage( m ). s - gen | def -operation( f ). s - gen |
| The man can see better thanks to the operation. | ||||||
Armenian (Eastern)
32
Status: main; causal marker: DAT snorhiv
| Virahatut‘yan | šnorhiv | mard-ə | sksec‘ | lav | tesn-el. |
| operation. dat | thanks_to | person- def | begin. aor .3 sg | good | see- inf |
| The person can see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
32
Status: main; causal marker: man +bar
| náša | bəxzáy=ələ | +spáy | mən | +bar | basə́mt=ət | +aynátə |
| man( m ) | see. prog =3 m | good | from | after | cure. nmlz = rel | eye( f ). pl |
| The man can see better because of the eye treatment. | ||||||
Basque
32
Status: main; causal marker: GEN ondorioz
| Ebakuntza-ren | ondorio-z | gizon-a-k | hobe | ikus-ten | du | orain. |
| operation- gen | result- ins | man- sg - erg | better | see- ipfv | aux . prs . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg | now |
| The man can see better thanks to the operation. | ||||||
Belarusian
32
Status: main; causal marker: dzjakujucy DAT
| mužčyn-a | sta-ŭ | lepej | bačy-c' | dzjakujučy | aperacy-i |
| man- nom . sg | become- pst [ sg . m ] | better | see- inf | prep | surgery- dat . sg |
| The man can see better because of the surgery. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN
| mužčyn-a | sta-ŭ | lepej | bačy-c' | z-za | aperacy-i |
| man- nom . sg | become- pst [ sg . m ] | better | see- inf | prep | surgery- gen . sg |
| The man can see better because of the surgery. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| mužčyn-a | sta-ŭ | lepej | bačy-c' | praz | aperacy-ju |
| man- nom . sg | become- pst [ sg . m ] | better | see- inf | prep | surgery- acc . sg |
| The man can see better because of the surgery. | |||||
Catalan
32
Status: main; causal marker: gracies a
| L' | home | veu | millor | gràci-es | a | la | intervenció. |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | see. prs .3 sg | better | grace( f )- pl | to | def . sg . f | intervention( f ). sg |
| The man sees better thanks to the operation. | |||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
32
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| yīnwéi | zhègè | cāozuò, | nánrén | kěyǐ | kàndé | gēng | hǎo |
| because | this | operation | man | can | see | more | well |
| The man started to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
32
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| arʑɨn | operaci | tu-nə | bergi | lajək-rak | kor-at |
| man | operation | do- pc _ pst | post | good- comp | see- npst [3 sg ] |
| The man can see better now because (he) has done operation. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
English
32
Status: main; causal marker: thanks to
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. |
Erzya
32
Status: main; causal marker: ejste GEN
| cёra-sʲ | karma-sʲ | parste | nee-me | operacija-stʲ | èjstè |
| man- nom . def | begin- pst .3 sg | fine | see- inf | surgery- gen . def | from |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| cёra-sʲ | karma-sʲ | vadrja-sto | neja-mo | operacija-stʲ | kisè |
| man- nom . def | begin- pst .3 sg | good- adv | see- inf | surgery- gen . def | because_of |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Filipino
32
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Mas | naka~ka-kíta | nang=maáyos | ang=laláki | dáhil | sa | operasyón. |
| deg . comp | av . mod ~ ipfv -see | lk =orderly | nom =man | because | obl | surgery |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | ||||||
French
32
Status: main; causal marker: grace a
| La | vue | de | cet | homme | s’ | est | amélior-é-e | grâce | à | l’ | opération. |
| def . f | vision( f ) | of | this. m | man( m ) | refl .3 sg | be. prs .3 sg | improve- ptcp . prf - f | thanks | to | def . f | surgery( f ) |
| The eyesight of this man has improved thanks to the surgery. | |||||||||||
German
32
Status: main; causal marker: durch ACC
| Der | Mann | kann | durch | die | Operation | jetzt | viel | besser | sehen. |
| def . nom | man( m )[ sg . nom ] | can. prs .3 sg | through | def . acc | operation( f )[ sg . acc ] | now | much | better | see. inf |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||||||
Guro
32
Status: main; causal marker: le wi ma
| mi | bhɛ, | à | yuɛ́và | jɛ̌ | dɔ̀ɔ̀lɔ̂ | pá-lɩ | à | mà | le | wɩ́ | ma |
| man | this | 3 sg . nsbj | eyesight | hit\ pfv | medicine | put.into- ger | 3 sg . nsbj | surface | poss | affair | on |
| A man started to see better after an operation on his eye. | |||||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
32
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| laki-laki | dapat | melihat | dengan | lebih | baik | sekarang | karena | operasi |
| man | can | see | with | more | good | now | because | operation |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | ||||||||
Italian
32
Status: main; causal marker: grazie a
| l’ | uomo | ha | iniziato | a | vederci | meglio | grazie | all’ | operazione |
| def . m . sg | man | have. prs .3 sg | start. pst . ptcp . m . sg | to | see. inf . loc | better | thanks | to. def . f . sg | operation |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||||||
Japanese
32
Status: main; causal marker: GEN okage-de
| Shujutsu-no | okage-de | dansei-wa | yo-ku | mie-ru | yō-ni | nat-ta. |
| operation- gen | thanks_to- ins | man- top | good- adv | be_able_to_see- prs | way- dat | become- pst |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | ||||||
Karelian
32
Status: main; causal marker: tahte GEN
| miiz´ | rubezi-i | paremba | näge-maha | operacia-n | tähte |
| man | start- pst | better | see- inf | operation- gen | because_of |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Kazakh
32
Status: main; causal marker: GEN arqasinda
| er | adam | operaсiyya | arqasïnda | köz-i | žaqsï | kör-ip | basta-dï |
| man1,2. nom | surgery. gen | due | to | eye- poss .3 | well | see- cvb | begin- pst .3 sg |
| The man started to see good becaause of the operation. | |||||||
Khanty (Northern)
32
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| ik-en-a | jăma | kăλ-ti | pit-əs | operatsija | păta |
| man- poss .2 sg - dat | well | see- inf | become- pst | surgery | for |
| The man started to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Khmer
32
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Ɂəjlɤw | kɔat | mɤːl | khɤːɲ | teaŋ1 | Ɂɒh2 | lɁɒː3 | ciəŋ4 | mun5 | daoj6 | saː7 | miən | sɒljeaɁkam tʊmnɤːp knoŋ pẹːl paccopbɒn |
| now | 3 | look | see | everything1,2 | better_than_before3,4,5 | daoj _ sa ː6,7 | have | surgery | modern | in | time | present |
| He can see better now thanks to the modern surgery. | ||||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: daoj sa
| Ɂəjləw | kɔat | mɤːl | khɤːɲ | teaŋ1 | Ɂɒh2 | lɁɒː3 | ciəŋ4 | mun5 | daoj6 | saː7 | sɒljeaɁkam tʊmnɤːp knoŋ pẹːl paccopbɒn |
| now | 3 | look | see | everything1,2 | better_than_before3,4,5 | daoj _ sa ː6,7 | surgery | modern | in | time | present |
| He can see better now thanks to the modern surgery. | |||||||||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Ɂəjlɤw | kɔat | mɤːl | khɤːɲ | teaŋ1 | Ɂɒh2 | lɁɒː3 | ciəŋ4 | mun5 | prʊəh | miən | sɒljeaɁkam | tʊmnɤːp knoŋ pẹːl paccopbɒn |
| now | 3 | look | see | everything1,2 | better_than_before3,4,5 | pr ƱƏ h | have | surgery | modern | in | time | present |
| He can see better now thanks to the modern surgery. | ||||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Ɂəjlɤw | kɔat | mɤːl | khɤːɲ | teaŋ1 | Ɂɒh2 | lɁɒː3 | ciəŋ4 | mun5 | prʊəh6 | tae7 | miən | sɒljeaɁkam tʊmnɤːp knoŋ pẹːl paccopbɒn |
| now | 3 | look | see | everything1,2 | better_than_before3,4,5 | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 6,7 | have | surgery | modern | in | time | present |
| He can see better now thanks to the modern surgery. | ||||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||||||
Khwarshi
32
Status: main; causal marker: SUPER sabalana
| žikʷa-l | k’ʷet’ | l-akʷa | l-eq-qa | ezale-za-l | operacija- | ƛ’o sabałana |
| man- dat | fine | iv -see | iv -become- aor | eyes- pl . o - dat | surgery- super | because_of |
| The man began to see better thanks to eye surgery. | ||||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| žikʷa-l | k’ʷet’ | l-akʷ-a | l-eq-qa | ezale-za-l | operacija | b-u-zal |
| man- dat | fine | iv -see- inf | iv -become- aor | eye- pl . o - dat | surgery | vi -do- tmp |
| The man began to see better after undergoing eye surgery. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
Kumyk
32
Status: main; causal marker: uchun
| er1 | giši2 | ariw | gʲore-ʁen | bol-d-u | operacija učun |
| man1,2 | beautiful | see- pc _ prs | become- pst -3 sg | surgery | because_of |
| The man began to see better due to the operation. | |||||
Latvian
32
Status: main; causal marker: pateicoties DAT
| Vīriet-is | sāk-a | labāk | redzē-t | pateic-otie-s | operācij-ai. |
| man- nom . sg | begin. pst -3 | better | see- inf | thank- cnv - rfl | operation- dat . sg |
| The man started to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: pec GEN
| Vīriet-is | sāk-a | labāk | redzē-t | pēc | operācij-as. |
| man- nom . sg | begin. pst -3 | better | see- inf | after | operation- gen . sg |
| The man started to see better after the operation. | |||||
Lezgian
32
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| operatsija-∅ | ʔawu-r-wil-aj | ʔitim-diz | qhsan | diz ʔakwa-zwa |
| operation. s - abs | make- aop - abst - inel | man. s - dat | well | see- impf |
| The man can see better now because he had a surgery. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: SBDIR
| operatsijad-ikdi | ʔitim-diz | qhsan | diz ʔakwa-zwa |
| operation. s - sbdir | man. s - dat | well | see- impf |
| The man can see better now because of the syrgery. | |||
Lithuanian
32
Status: main; causal marker: GEN deka
| Vyr-as | pradėj-o | geriau | maty-ti | dėka | operacij-os. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | start- pst .3 | better | see- inf | thanks_to | operation( f )- gen . sg |
| The man started to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: po GEN
| Vyr-as | pradėj-o | geriau | maty-ti | po | operacij-os. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | start- pst .3 | better | see- inf | after | operation( f )- gen . sg |
| The man started to see better after the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: del GEN
| Dabar | žmog-us | gal-i | geriau | maty-ti | dėl | operacij-os. |
| now | person( m )- nom . sg | can- prs .3 | better | see- inf | because_of | operation( f )- gen . sg |
| Now the man can see better because of the operation. | ||||||
Moksha
32
Status: main; causal marker: ezda GEN
| operacija-t' | ezdə | al'ɛ-s' | osnava-s' | lac | n'ɛj-əmə |
| surgery- def . sg . gen | in. abl | man- def . sg | begin- pst .3[ sg ] | fine | see- inf |
| The man’s vision improved thanks to the surgery. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: inksa GEN
| operacija-t' | inksə | al'ɛ-s' | osnava-s' | lac | n'ɛj-əmə |
| surgery- def . sg . gen | because_of | man- def . sg | begin- pst .3[ sg ] | fine | see- inf |
| The man’s vision improved thanks to the surgery. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: mela ABL
| operacija-də | mel'ə | al'ɛ-s' | osnava-s' | lac | n'ɛj-əmə |
| surgery- abl | after | man- def . sg | begin- pst .3[ sg ] | fine | see- inf |
| The man’s vision improved after the surgery. | |||||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
32
Status: main; causal marker: takket vare
| Mann-en | fikk | bedre | syn | takke-t | være | operasjon-en. |
| man- def . sg | receive. pst | good. comp | vision | thank- pst . ptcp | be | surgery- def . sg |
| The man sees better thanks to the operation. | ||||||
Polish
32
Status: main; causal marker: dzieki DAT
| Mężczyzn-a | widzi | teraz | lepiej | dzięki | operacj-i. |
| man- nom . sg | see. prs .3 sg | now | better | thanks_to | operation- dat . sg |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||
Russian
32
Status: main; causal marker: blagodarja DAT
| Mužčin-a | sta-l | vide-tʹ | lučše | blagodarja | operaci-i. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | set.to( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | see( ipfv )- inf | better | thanks | operation( f )- dat . sg |
| The man can see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: posle GEN
| Mužčin-a | vid-it | lučše | posle | operaci-i. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | see( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | better | after | operation( f )- gen . sg |
| The man can see better now after the operation. | ||||
Serbian
32
Status: main; causal marker: zahvaljujuchi DAT
| čovek | (je | poče-o | da) | vid-i | bolje | zahvaljujući | operacij-i |
| man. nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | begin- pst . ptcp | compl | see- prs .3 sg | better | prep | operation- dat . sg |
| The man starts to see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: od GEN
| čovek | vid-i | bolje | od | operacij-e |
| man. nom . sg | see- prs .3 sg | better | prep | operation- gen . sg |
| The man starts to see better now thanks to the operation. | ||||
Shughni
32
Status: main; causal marker: qullu
| Qullu | operacija-ard | yu | čorik | bi=di | wīnt. |
| gratitude | surgery- lat | dem 3. m . sg | man( m ) | good= comp | see. npst .3 sg |
| The man could see better thanks to the surgery. | |||||
Slovenian
32
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Zaradi | operacije | človek | zdaj | boljše | vidi. |
| because.of | operation( f )- gen . sg | man( m )[ nom . sg ] | now | better | see( ipfv ). prs .3 sg |
| Thanks to the operation, the man can now see better. | |||||
Spanish
32
Status: main; causal marker: gracias a
| el | hombre | puede | ver | mejor | ahora | gracias | a | la | operación |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | be_able_to- prs .3 sg | see. inf | better | now | thanks | to | def . sg . f | intervention( f ). sg |
| The man sees better thanks to the operation. | |||||||||
Swedish
32
Status: main; causal marker: efter
| Mann-en | såg | bättre | efter | operation-en. |
| man- def . c . sg | see. pst | better | after | operation- def . c . sg |
| The man began to see better after the operation. | ||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: tack vare
| Mann-en | såg | bättre | tack | vare | operation-en. |
| man- def . c . sg | see. pst | better | thanks | be. subj | operation- def . c . sg |
| The man began to see better thanks to the operation. | |||||
Telugu
32
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| atanu | operēšn | valla | sariggā | cuḍagalugu-tunn-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | operation. sg . obl | by | well | see. abil - prs -3 sg . m |
| The man is able to see well due to the operation. | ||||
Udmurt (South)
32
Status: main; causal marker: bere
| Vorgoron | umoj | adǯ́-yny | kutsk-i-z | operacija | bere. |
| man | well | see- inf | begin- pst -3( sg ) | operation | after |
| The man can see better now after the operation. | |||||
32
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Vorgoron | umoj | adǯ́-yny | kutsk-i-z | operacija | jurtt-em-en. |
| man | well | see- inf | begin- pst -3( sg ) | operation | help- nmz - ins |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | |||||
Ukrainian
32
Status: main; causal marker: pislja GEN
| Чоловік | ста-в | краще | бачи-ти | після | операці-ї. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | become- pst . sg . m | better | see- inf | after | surgery( f )- gen . sg |
| The man started to see better after the surgery. | |||||
Urdu
32
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ādmī | operešn | kī | vajah | se | ab | behtar | dekh | sak-t-ā | hɛ. |
| man( m ). sg . dir | surgery( f ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | now | better | see | can- ipfv - m . sg | prs .3 sg |
| The man can see better now thanks to the operation. | |||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
32
Status: main; causal marker: kanlanani REL
| juk | sχat-kajux-t-aː | оpеratsija-m kənla-ŋa-ni | |
| man. abs . sg | see-can- imm _ pst - ind . tr +3 sg .3 sg | surgery- rel . sg | border-3 sg . poss - loc . sg |
| The man sees better after the operation. | |||