NoCaCoDa

Adyghe

33

Status: main; causal marker: jahatarce

λ̣ə-m	jə-hatər-č̣ʼe	bzəλfəʁe-r	psaw-ew	qe-ne-žʼə-ʁ
man- obl	poss -gift- ins	woman- abs	whole- adv	csl -stay- re - pst
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce

λ̣ə-m	feṣ̂(ə-č̣ʼe)	bzəλfəʁe-r	psaw-ew	qe-ne-žʼə-ʁ
man- obl	for- ins	woman- abs	whole- adv	csl -stay- re - pst
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: jaswakece

λ̣ə-m	jə-ṣ̂ʷaʁe-č̣ʼe	bzəλfəʁe-r	psaw-ew	qe-ne-žʼə-ʁ
man- obl	poss -benefit- ins	woman- abs	whole- adv	csl -stay- re - pst
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

Albanian

33

Status: main; causal marker: fale DAT

Grua-ja	është	e	gjallë	falë	atij	burr-it.
woman- nom . sg . def . f	be. prs .3 sg	art	alive	thanks_to	that. dat .3 sg . m	man- dat . sg . def . m
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Arabic

33

Status: main; causal marker: bi fadgli GEN

ʔal-marʔat-u	ʕaaʔiʃ-at-u-n	bi=fadʕl-i	haaðaa	r-radʒul-i
def -woman( f ). s - nom	alive- s . f - nom - indef	with=advantage( m ). s - gen	this	def -man( m ). s - gen
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Armenian (Eastern)

33

Status: main; causal marker: DAT snorhiv

Ayd	mard-u	šnorhiv	kin-ə	kendani=ē.
that	person- dat	thanks_to	woman- def	alive=be. prs .3 sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

33

Status: main; causal marker: but

báxta	xéta	pə́š-la	ka	but	+d-avvó
woman( f )	alive. f	stay. pst - ls .3 f	to	about	obl - dem 3. m
The woman stay alive because of him.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: avə +raba basima ka

báxta	xéta	pə́š-la	ávə	+rába	basíma	ka	d-á	náša
woman( f )	alive. f	stay. pst - ls .3 f	be. prs . ss .3 m	well	pleasant	to	obl - dem 1. sg	man( m )
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Basque

33

Status: main; causal marker: DAT esker

Emakume-a	gizon-a-ri	esker	da	bizi-rik.
woman- sg [ abs ]	man- sg - dat	thanks_to	aux . prs . abs 3 sg	live- part
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Belarusian

33

Status: main; causal marker: dzjakujucy DAT

žančyn-a	žyv-aja	dzjakujučy	gèt-amu	mužčyn-e
woman- nom . sg	alive- nom . sg . f	prep	this- dat . sg . m	man- dat . sg
The woman stay alive because of this man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN

žančyn-a	žyv-aja	dzjakujučy	z-za mužčyn-y
woman- nom . sg	alive- nom . sg . f	prep	man- gen . sg
The woman stay alive because of a man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC

žančyn-a	žyv-aja	dzjakujučy	praz mužčyn-u
woman- nom . sg	alive- nom . sg . f	prep	man- acc . sg
The woman stay alive because of a man.

Catalan

33

Status: main; causal marker: gracies a

La	don-a	està	viv-a	gràci-es	a	aquell	home.
def . sg . f	woman( f )- sg	be. prs .3 sg	alive- sg . f	grace( f )- pl	to	that. sg . m	man( m ). sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Chinese (Mandarin)

33

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

zhègè	nǚrén	yīn	nàgè	nánrén-de	jiùzhù	ér	cúnhuó
this	woman	because	that	man- poss	aid	and	survive
The woman is alive thanks to that man.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence.

Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)

33

Status: main; causal marker: bola OBJ

xërarəm	ʨërë	ɕa	arʑɨn-a	bola
woman	alive	this	man- obj	post
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

English

33

Status: main; causal marker: thanks to

The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Erzya

33

Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN

ava-sʲ	èr-i	te	cera-stʲ	kuvalma
woman- nom . def	live- prs .3 sg	this	man- gen . def	out
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN

ava-sʲ	živoj	te	cёra-nʲ	teve-nzè	kisè
woman- nom . def	alive	this	man- gen	case-3 sg . poss .3 sg . gen	because_of
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

Filipino

33

Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa

Buháy	ang=babáe	dáhil	sa	laláki.
alive	nom =woman	because	obl	man
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

French

33

Status: main; causal marker: grace a

La	femme	est	en	vie	grâce	à	cet	homme.
def . f	woman( f )	be. prs .3 sg	at	life( f )	thanks	to	this. m	man( m )
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

German

33

Status: main; causal marker: dank GEN

Die	Frau	ist	dank	dies-es	Mann-es	am	Leben.
def . nom	woman( f )[ sg . nom ]	be. prs .3 sg	thanks_to	this- gen	man( m )- sg . gen	to. dat	life( n )[ sg . dat ]
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Die	Frau	verdank-t	dem	Mann	ihr	Leben.
def . nom	woman( f )[ sg . nom ]	owe- prs .3 sg	def . dat	man( m )[ sg . dat ]	her. acc	life( n )[ sg . acc ]
The woman owes her life to the man.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causative meaning is expressed in the predicate.

Guro

33

Status: main; causal marker: wii

lɩ	zàn	à	é	yuɛ́	ma	mi	kʋ́	à	wìí
woman	resp	cop	3 sg . refl	eye	on	man	this	3 sg . nsbj	because
The woman stay alive because of this man.

Indonesian (Standard)

33

Status: main; causal marker: karena

wanita	itu	hidup	karena	laki-laki	itu
woman	that	live	because	man	that
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Italian

33

Status: main; causal marker: grazie a

la	donna	è	viva	grazie	a	quest’	uomo
def . f . sg	woman	be. prs .3 sg	alive. f . sg	thanks	to	this. m . sg	man
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Japanese

33

Status: main; causal marker: GEN okage-de

Josei-wa	sono	dansei-no	okage-de	iki-te-i-ru.
woman- top	this	man- gen	thanks_to- ins	live- cvb - incm - prs
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Karelian

33

Status: main; causal marker: tahte GEN

akk/in’ehmuu	el'ä-b	mužika-n	tähte
woman	live-3 sg	man- gen	because_of
The woman is alive because of the man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: perad GEN

akk	om	eläba-z	mužika-n	abu-n	perad
woman	be.3 sg	alive- in	man- gen	help- gen	because_of
The woman is alive thanks to the help of the man.

Kazakh

33

Status: main; causal marker: GEN arqasinda

äyel1	adam2	er3	adam-nïŋ4	arqasïnda aman5 qal-dï6
woman1,2. nom	man3,4. gen	due	to	survive5,6- pst .3 sg
The woman survived thanks to this man.

Khanty (Northern)

33

Status: main; causal marker: pata

imi	tăλaŋ-a-jăm-a	wɵ-λ	śi	ik-en	păta
woman	sane- dat -good- dat	live- npst	dem	man- poss .2 sg	for
The woman is safe and sound thanks to that man.

Khmer

33

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

sətrəj	nih	nɤw	rʊəh	daoj1	saː2	boˀrɒh	mneak	nih	cuəj kɔat
woman	this	be_situated	live	daoj _ sa ː1,2	man	one. clf	this	help	3
This woman is alive thanks to the man who helped her.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

sətrəj	nih	nɤw	rʊəh	prʊəh1	tae2	boˀrɒh	mneak	nih	cuəj kɔat
woman	this	be_situated	live	pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2	man	one. clf	this	help	3
This woman is alive thanks to the man who helped her.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

sətrəj	nih	nɤw	rʊəh	prʊəh	boˀrɒh	mneak	nih	cuəj	kɔat
woman	this	be_situated	live	pr ƱƏ h	man	one. clf	this	help	3
This woman is alive thanks to the man who helped her.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

sətrəj	nih	nɤw	rʊəh	maok1	piː2	miən	boˀrɒh	mneak	nih	cuəj kɔat
woman	this	be_situated	live	maok _ pi ː1,2	have	man	one. clf	this	help	3
This woman is alive because there was man who helped her.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Khwarshi

33

Status: main; causal marker: SUPER sabalana

šamil-ƛ’o	sabałana	ʁini	č’ago	łeχ-χa
s h.- super	because_of	woman	alive	stay- aor
The woman survived thanks to Shamil.

Kumyk

33

Status: main; causal marker: uchun

qʼatyn	saw	qʼal-d-y	er	giši učun
woman	alive	stay- pst -3 sg	man1,2	because_of
The woman is alive because of this man.

Latvian

33

Status: main; causal marker: pateicoties DAT

Sieviet-e	ir	dzīv-a	pateic-otie-s	š-im	vīriet-im.
woman- nom . sg	be. prs .3	alive- nom . sg . f	thank- cnv - rfl	this- dat . sg . m	man- dat . sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Lezgian

33

Status: main; causal marker: DAT

ʔi	ʔitim-diz	kilig-na	diʃehlididal	tʃan-∅	ʔala-ma
this	man. s - dat	see- aoc	woman. s	life. s - abs	be_on- cont
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Lithuanian

33

Status: main; causal marker: GEN deka

Moter-is	gyv-a	šio	žmog-aus	dėka.
woman( f )- nom . sg	alive- f . nom . sg	this. m . gen . sg	person( m )- gen . sg	thanks_to
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Moksha

33

Status: main; causal marker: inksa GEN

t'ɛ	al'ɛ-t'	inksə	ava-s'	er'ɛ-j
this	man- def . sg . gen	in. abl	woman- def . sg	live- npst 3[ sg ]
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

Norwegian (Bokmål)

33

Status: main; causal marker: takket vare

Kvinn-en	er	i	liv-e	takket	være	denne	mann-en.
woman- def . sg	be. prs	in	life- dat	thank- pst . ptcp	be	this. sg . m	man- def . sg
The woman is alive thanks to this man.

Polish

33

Status: main; causal marker: dzieki DAT

Kobiet-a	żyje	dzięki	temu	człowiek-owi.
woman- nom . sg	be_alive. prs .3 sg	thanks_to	this. dat . sg . m	person- dat . sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Russian

33

Status: main; causal marker: blagodarja DAT

Ženščin-a	osta-l-a-sʹ	živ-a	blagodarja	èt-omu	mužčin-e.
woman( f )- nom . sg	remain( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl	alive- pred . f . sg	thanks	this- m . dat . sg	man( m )- dat . sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Serbian

33

Status: main; causal marker: zahvaljujuchi DAT

žen-a	je	živ-a	zahvaljujući	t-om	muškarc-u
woman- nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	alive- nom . f . sg	prep	that- dat . m . sg	man- dat . sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Shughni

33

Status: main; causal marker: qullu

Qullu	ik	wi	čorik=ard	yā	ɣ̌inik	zindā.
gratitude	em	3 sg . m . obl	man( m )= lat	dem 3. f . sg	woman( f )	alive
The woman is alive only thanks to this man.

Slovenian

33

Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN

Žensk-a	je	živ-a	zaradi	človek-a,	ki	jo	je	reši-l.
woman( f )- nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	alive- f . nom . sg	because.of	man( m )- gen . sg	who. nom	she. acc	aux .3 sg	save( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]
The woman is alive thanks to the man who rescued her.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: zahvaljujoc DAT

Žensk-a	je	živ-a	zahvaljujoč	človek-u,	ki	jo	je	reši-l.
woman( f )- nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	alive- nom . sg . f	thanks.to	man( m )- dat . sg	who. nom	she. acc	aux .3 sg	save( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]
The woman is alive thanks to the man who rescued her.

Spanish

33

Status: main; causal marker: gracias a

la	mujer	está	viv-a	gracias	a	ese	hombre
def . sg . f	woman( f )- sg	be. prs .3 sg	alive- sg . f	thanks	to	that. sg . m	man( m ). sg
The woman is alive thanks to that man.

Swedish

33

Status: main; causal marker: tack vare

Kvinna-n	är	vid	liv	tack	vare	mann-en.
woman- def . c . sg	be. prs	at	life	thanks	be. subj	man- def . c . sg
The woman is alive thanks to the man.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: pa grund av

Kvinna-n	är	vid	liv	på	grund	av	mann-en.
woman- def . c . sg	be. prs	at	life	on	ground	of	man- def . c . sg
The woman is alive because of the man.

Telugu

33

Status: main; causal marker: valla

āviḍa	atani	vall=ē	bratiki	uṁdi.
that_woman. sg	that_man. sg . obl	by= emph	live. cvb . pfv	be. prs .3 sg . nm
The woman is only alive due to that man.

Udmurt (South)

33

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Kyšnomurt	ulep	vorgoron	jurtt-em-en.
woman	alive	man	help- nmz - ins
The woman is alive because of the help of that man.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Kyšnomurt	ulep	vorgoron	jurtt-ysa.
woman	alive	man	help- cvb
The woman is alive because of the help of that man.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

33

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Kyšnomurt	ulep	vorgoron	jurt-leś.
woman	alive	man	help- abl
The woman is alive due to man's help.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence.

Ukrainian

33

Status: main; causal marker: zavdjaky DAT

Жінк-а	залиши-л-а-ся	жив-а	завдяки	ць-ому	чоловік-у.
woman( f )- nom . sg	stay- pst - sg . f - refl	alive- nom . sg . f	thanks_to	this- dat . sg . m	man( m )- dat . sg
The woman stayed alive thanks to that man.

Urdu

33

Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se

ɔrat	us	ādmī	kī	vajah	se	zindā	hɛ.
woman( f ). sg . dir	that. obl	man( m ). sg . obl	adjz . f	reason( f ). sg . obl	from	alive	be. prs .3 sg
The woman is alive because of that man.

Yupik (Siberian)

33

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

n.a.

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Sentence no. 33 ⮭

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