Sentence no. 34 ⮭
English: The man told his wife about it
Type: ontological
Adyghe
34
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| jə-djeljaʁe-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-m | a-r | jə-ŝʷəzə | f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ |
| poss -stupidity- ins | man- obl | man- obl | poss -woman | ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst |
| The man told his wife about this out of stupidity. | ||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: paje
| jə-djeljaʁe | paje | λ̣ə-m | a-r | jə-ŝʷəzə | f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ |
| poss -stupidity | because_of | man- obl | man- obl | poss -woman | ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst |
| The man told his wife about this out of stupidity. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace
| jə-djeljaʁe | qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-m | a-r | jə-ŝʷəzə | f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ |
| poss -stupidity | csl - loc -go_out- ins | man- obl | man- obl | poss -woman | ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst |
| The man told his wife about this out of stupidity. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew
| jə-djeljaʁe | qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew | λ̣ə-m | a-r | jə-ŝʷəzə | f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ |
| poss -stupidity | csl - loc -go_out- adv | man- obl | man- obl | poss -woman | ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst |
| The man told his wife about this out of stupidity. | |||||
Albanian
34
Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM
| Burr-i | i | trego-i | për | këtë | grua-s | së | tij | nga | budallallëk-u. |
| man- nom . sg . def . m | dat .3 sg | tell- aor .3 sg | about | it. acc . sg | woman- gen . sg . def . f | art | gen .3 m | from | stupidity- nom . sg . def . m |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||||
Arabic
34
Status: main; causal marker: natiidzata GEN
| ʔaχbar-a | r-radʒul-u | zawdʒat-a=hu | ʕan | haaðaa | natiidʒat-a | l-ɣabaaʔ-i |
| inform. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | wife( f ). s - acc =3 s . m . poss | about | this | result( f ). s - acc def -stupidity( m ). s - gen | |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: gan GEN
| ʔaχbar-a | r-radʒul-u | zawdʒat-a=hu | ʕan | ðaalika | ʕan | ɣabaaʔ-i-n |
| inform. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | wife( f ). s - acc =3 s . m . poss | from | this | from | stupidity( m ). s - gen - indef |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
Armenian (Eastern)
34
Status: main; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Tġamard-ə | knoĵ-ə | ayd | masin | patmec‘ | himarut‘yan | patčaŕ-ov. |
| man- def | woman. dat - def | that | about | relate. aor .3 sg | foolishness. gen | cause- ins |
| The man told his wife about it because of stupidity. | ||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Tġamard-ə | ayd | masin | himarabar | patmec‘ | knoĵ-ə. |
| man- def | this | about | foolishly | relate. aor .3 sg | woman. dat - def |
| The man foolishly told his wife about it. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL
| Tġamard-ə | ayd | masin | patmec‘ | knoĵ-ə | himarut‘yun-ic‘. |
| man- def | that | about | relate. aor .3 sg | woman. dat - def | foolishness- abl |
| The man told his wife about it out of of stupidity. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
34
Status: main; causal marker: man
| náša | cúl | məndi | hukí-lə | ka | šváv-u | mən | raxmanúyta |
| man( m ) | all | thing( m ) | tell. pst - ls .3 m | to | neihbour( m )- p .3 m | from | compassion( f ) |
| The man told everything to his neighbor because of the kindness. | |||||||
Basque
34
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Gizon-a-k | ergelkeria-tik | konta-tu | zion | hori | bere | emazte-a-ri. |
| man- sg - erg | stupidity- abl | tell- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . dat 3 sg . erg 3 sg | this[ abs ] | refl | wife- sg - dat |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
Belarusian
34
Status: main; causal marker: pa DAT
| mužčyn-a | raskaza-ŭ | gèt-a | žonc-y | pa | durasc-i |
| man- nom . sg | tell- pst [ sg . m ] | this- nom | wife- dat . sg | prep | stupidity- dat . sg |
| The man told everything to his neighbor because of stupidity. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN
| mužčyn-a | raskaza-ŭ | gèt-a | žonc-y | z-za | durasc-i |
| man- nom . sg | tell- pst [ sg . m ] | this- nom | wife- dat . sg | prep | stupidity- gen . sg |
| The man told everything to his neighbor because of stupidity. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| mužčyn-a | raskaza-ŭ | gèt-a | žonc-y | praz | durasc' |
| man- nom . sg | tell- pst [ sg . m ] | this- nom | wife- dat . sg | prep | stupidity[ acc . sg ] |
| The man told everything to his neighbor because of stupidity. | |||||
Catalan
34
Status: main; causal marker: per
| L' | home | li | ho | va | dir | a | la | seva | don-a | per | estupides-a. |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | 3 sg . io | 3 sg . n . do | go. prs .3 sg | say. inf | to | def . sg . f | 3 sg . poss . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | for | stupidity( f )- sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
34
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| zhègè | nánrén | yīnwéi | yúchǔn | ér | gàosù-le | tā | lǎopó | zhèjiàn | shìqíng |
| this | man | because | stupidity | and | tell- pfv | he | wife | this. clf | thing |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
34
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| arʑɨn | ɕa | ɕinʥen | arəm-nj-a | xəj-ën | okmag-ə-ba | kala-za | bar-zа |
| man | this | post | wife- p _3- obj | self. p _3- gen | stupidity- p _3- ins | tell- cv _ sim | give- cv _ sim |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||
English
34
Status: main; causal marker: out of
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. |
Erzya
34
Status: main; causal marker: ejste GEN
| cera-sʲ | evtne-sʲ | ten-de | ni-nzè | turtov | prevtemeči-nʲ | èjstè |
| man- nom . def | tell- pst .3 sg | this- abl | woman-3 sg . poss .3 sg | for | stupidity- gen | from |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| cёra-sʲ | ёvtne-sʲ | te-de | kozika-stenʲ | manjavmo-stʲ | kisè |
| man- nom . def | tell- pst .3 sg | this- abl | woman- dat . def | error- gen . def | because_of |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||
Filipino
34
Status: main; causal marker: dulot ng
| S<in>ábi | itó=ng | míster | sa | mísis=niyá | dúlot=ng | katangáhan. |
| < pv . pfv >say | prox = gen | husband | obl | wife=3 sg . gen | offering= gen | stupidity |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
French
34
Status: main; causal marker: par
| L’ | homme | l’ | a | dit | à | sa | femme | par | bêtise. |
| def . m | man( m ) | 3 sg . m . acc | have. prs .3 sg | say. ptcp . prf | to | poss .3 sg . f | woman( f ) | by | foolishness( f ) |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||||
German
34
Status: main; causal marker: aus DAT
| Aus | Dummheit | erzähl-te | der | Mann | es | sein-er | Frau. |
| from | stupidity( f )[ sg . dat ] | tell- pst .3 sg | def . nom | man( m )[ sg . nom ] | it | his- dat | wife( f )[ sg . dat ] |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||
Guro
34
Status: main; causal marker: nya
| gɔnɛ | zàn | à | fɩ́ | é | na | lɛ | bòà-wɩ̀ | nya |
| male | resp | 3 sg . nsbj | speak\ pfv | 3 sg . refl | wife | for | simple-affair\ nref | with |
| The man told his wife about it out of naivety. | ||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
34
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| laki-laki | itu | bilang | ke | istri-nya | tentang | itu | karena | kecerobohan-nya |
| man | that | tell | to | wife- poss .3 | about | that | because | carelessness- poss .3 |
| The man told his wife about it out of carelessness. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||
Italian
34
Status: main; causal marker: per
| l’ | uomo | lo | ha | raccontato | alla | moglie | per | stupidità |
| def . m . sg | man | pron . m . sg | have. prs .3 sg | tell. pst . ptcp . m . sg | to. def . f . sg | wife | for | stupidity |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||||
Japanese
34
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Dansei-wa | tsuma-ni | oroka-sa-kara | sono | koto-o | it-ta. |
| man- top | wife- dat | stupidity- nmlz - abl | this | matter- acc | say- pst |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||
Karelian
34
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
34
Status: main; causal marker: COM
| er1 | adam2 | aqïmaq-tïq-pen | äyel-i-ne | ayt-ïp qoy-dï |
| man1,2. nom | stupid- nmlz - com | woman- poss .3- dat | say- cvb | put- pst .3 sg |
| The man stupidly told this to his wife. | ||||
Khanty (Northern)
34
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| iki | śit | lup-əs | utšam-əλ | păta |
| man | that_one | say- pst | stupid- poss .3 sg | for |
| The man told <someone> about it out of stupidity. | ||||
Khmer
34
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| boˀrɒh | nih | prap | nəw | ˀəvej1 | ˀəvej2 | teaŋ3 | ɒh4 | daoj5 | saː6 | phiəp ləŋʊəŋ khlaw rɔbɒh kɔat |
| man | this | say | prep | everything_that_is1,2,3,4 | daoj _ sa ː5,6 | nmlz | stupid | ignorant | poss | 3 |
| This man said everything because of his stupidity. | ||||||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh
| boˀrɒh | nih | prap | nəw | ˀəvej1 | ˀəvej2 | teaŋ3 | ɒh4 | prʊəh | phiəp | ləŋʊəŋ khlaw rɔbɒh kɔat |
| man | this | say | prep | everything_that_is1,2,3,4 | pr ƱƏ h | nmlz | stupid | ignorant | poss | 3 |
| This man said everything because of his stupidity. | ||||||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae
| boˀrɒh | nih | prap | nəw | ˀəvej1 | ˀəvej2 | teaŋ3 | ɒh4 | prʊəh5 | tae6 | phiəp ləŋʊəŋ khlaw rɔbɒh kɔat |
| man | this | say | prep | everything_that_is1,2,3,4 | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 5,6 | nmlz | stupid | ignorant | poss | 3 |
| This man said everything because of his stupidity. | ||||||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: maok pi
| boˀrɒh | nih | prap | nəw | ˀəvej1 | ˀəvej2 | teaŋ3 | ɒh4 | maok5 | piː6 | phiəp ləŋʊəŋ khlaw rɔbɒh kɔat |
| man | this | say | prep | everything_that_is1,2,3,4 | maok _ pi ː5,6 | nmlz | stupid | ignorant | poss | 3 |
| This man said everything because of his stupidity. | ||||||||||
Khwarshi
34
Status: main; causal marker: POSS ABL
| χol-i | ejsa | ʁina-qo-l | isu-lo | ʕadałi-qo-žo |
| husband- erg | tell\ aor | woman\ o - poss | woman\ o - poss - lat | stupidity. o - poss - abl |
| The husband told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||
Kumyk
34
Status: main; causal marker: uchun
| er1 | giši2 | qʼatyn | qʼaʁlyqʼ | učun ajt-t-y |
| man1,2 | woman | stupidity | because_of | speak- pst -3 sg |
| The man told his wife about this out of stupidity. | ||||
Latvian
34
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Vīriet-is | pastāstīj-a | t-o | siev-ai | muļķīb-as | dēļ. |
| man- nom . sg | tell. pst -3 | this- acc | wife- dat . sg | stupidity- gen . sg | because.of |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN pec
| Vīriet-is | pastāstīj-a | t-o | siev-ai | muļķīb-as | pēc. |
| man- nom . sg | tell. pst -3 | this- acc | wife- dat . sg | stupidity- gen . sg | after |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||
Lezgian
34
Status: main; causal marker: INEL
| ʔid-akaj | ʔitim-di | witʃ-in | pap-az | ʔaχmaqʔwil-aj | ʔaqhaj-na |
| this- sbel | man. s - erg | himself- gen | wife. s - dat | stupidity- inel | discover- aor |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||
Lithuanian
34
Status: main; causal marker: is GEN
| Žmog-us | papasakoj-o | apie | tai | žmon-ai | iš | kvailum-o. |
| person( m )- nom . sg | tell- pst .3 | about | that | wife( f )- dat . sg | out_of | stupidity( m )- gen . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: per ACC
| Žmog-us | papasakoj-o | apie | tai | žmon-ai | per | kvailum-ą. |
| person( m )- nom . sg | tell- pst .3 | about | that | wife( f )- dat . sg | through | stupidity( m )- acc . sg |
| The man told his wife about it by stupidity. | ||||||
Moksha
34
Status: main; causal marker: CSL
| al'ɛ-s' | az-əz'ə | t'ɛ-n' | ava-ncti | glupajši-nksə |
| man- def . sg | say- pst .3 sg . o .3 sg | this- gen | wife-3 sg . poss . sg . dat | stupidity- cls |
| The man told his wife this out of foolishness. | ||||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
34
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Mann-en | var | så | dum | å | fortelle | dette | til | kon-a. |
| man- def . sg | be. pst | so | silly | tell | inf | this. sg . n | to | woman- def . sg |
| The man was so stupid that he told his wife everything. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causative meaning is expressed in the predicate. | ||||||||
Polish
34
Status: main; causal marker: z GEN
| Mężczyzn-a | powiedzia-ł | o | tym | żon-ie | z | głupot-y. |
| man- nom . sg | tell- pst [ m . sg ] | about | this. loc . sg | wife- dat . sg | from2 | stupidity- gen . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
Russian
34
Status: main; causal marker: po DAT
| Mužčin-a | po | glupost-i | rasskaza-l | ob | èt-om | svo-ej | žen-e. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | by | stupidity( f )- dat . sg | tell( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | about | this- n . loc . sg | one’s- f . dat . sg | wife( f )- dat . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||
Serbian
34
Status: main; causal marker: iz GEN
| muškarac | je | t-o | ispriča-o | žen-i | iz | glupost-i |
| man. nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | that- acc . n . sg | tell- pst . ptcp | wife- dat . sg | prep | stupidity- gen . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
Shughni
34
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Yu | čorik=i | dar1 | bōra2 | di | lů-d | az | rui | xu biaqligari. |
| dem 3. m . sg | man( m )=3 sg | regarding1,2 | ptcl | say- pst | el | caus | refl | stupidity |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||||
Slovenian
34
Status: main; causal marker: po LOC
| Človek | je | po | neumnost-i | o | tem | poveda-l | žen-i. |
| man( m )[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | after | stupidity( f )- loc . sg | about | this. loc | tell( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | wife( f )- dat . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Človek | je | naredi-l | neumnost | in | o | tem | poveda-l | svoj-i | žen-i |
| man( m )[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | make( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | stupidity( f )[ acc . sg ] | and | about | this. loc | tell( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | one’s- f . dat . sg | wife( f )- dat . sg |
| The man did a stupid thing and told his wife about it. | |||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing and the caused events are not expressed in a single sentence. | |||||||||
Spanish
34
Status: main; causal marker: por
| el | hombre | se | lo | cont-ó | a | su | esposa | por | estupidez |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | 3 sg . iobj | 3 sg . n . dobj | say- aor .3 sg | to | poss .3 sg | woman( f )- sg | because_of | stupidity( f )- sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | |||||||||
Swedish
34
Status: main; causal marker: av
| Mann-en | berätta-de | det | för | frun | av | ren | dumhet. |
| man- def . c . sg | tell- pst | def . n . sg | for | wife | of | pure | stupidity |
| The man told it to his wife out of pure stupidity. | |||||||
Telugu
34
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| atanu | atani | bhārya-ku | dāni | guriṁci | telivitakkuva-gā | cepp-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | that_man. sg . obl | wife. sg . obl - dat | that. obl | about | foolish- advz | say. pst -3 sg . m |
| The man stupidly told his wife about it. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: valla
| atanu | atani | bhārya-ku | telivitakkuvatanaṁ | valla | dāni | guriṁci | cepp-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | that_man. sg . obl | wife. sg . obl - dat | foolishness. sg . obl | by | that. obl | about | say. pst -3 sg . m |
| The man told his wife about it because of stupidity. | |||||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: to
| atanu | atani | bhārya-ku | telivitakkuvatanaṁ | tō | dāni | guriṁci | cepp-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | that_man. sg . obl | wife. sg . obl - dat | foolishness. obl | with | that. obl | about | say. pst -3 sg . m |
| The man told his wife about it by stupidity. | |||||||
Udmurt (South)
34
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Vorgoron | vera-z | kyšno-jez-ly | so-je | malpa-śk-ytek. |
| man | say. pst -3 sg | wife- p .3 sg - dat | that- acc | think- detr - car |
| The man told his wife about it without thinking. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||
34
Status: alternate; causal marker: INS
| Vorgoron | vera-z | kyšno-jez-ly | so-je | viźtem-en-yz. |
| man | say- pst .3 sg | wife- p .3 sg - dat | that- acc | stupid- ins - p .3 sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||
Ukrainian
34
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Чоловік | розпові-в | ц-е | жінц-і | через | сво-ю | дурниц-ю. |
| man( m ). nom . sg | tell- pst . sg . m | this- acc | woman( f )- dat . sg | through | own- acc . sg . f | stupidity( f )- acc . sg |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||
Urdu
34
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ādmī | ne | apn-ī | bīvī | ko | apn-ī | himāqat | kī | vajah | se | yeh | batā | diy-ā. |
| man( m ). sg . obl | ta | own- f | wife( f ). sg . obl | obj | own- f | foolishness( f ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | this | tell | give. pfv - sg . m |
| The man told his wife about it out of stupidity. | ||||||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
34
Status: main; causal marker: antalananan REL
| juɣə-m | uŋipamsuɣut-aː | taːxkən | nuliː-ni | naɬu-m | aŋtala-ŋan |
| man- rel . sg | tell- ind . tr +3 sg .3 sg | then | woman- refl . poss . abs . sg | stupidity- rel . sg | size-3 sg . poss . rel . sg |
| The man told his wife about everything out of stupidity. | |||||