Sentence no. 35 ⮭
English: The woman slipped
Type: ontological
Adyghe
35
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| jə-mə-saqənəʁe-č̣ʼe | bzəλfǝʁe-r | c̣enλə-ʁe |
| poss - neg -caution- ins | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | ||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: paje
| jə-mə-saqənəʁe-m | paje | bzəλfǝʁe-r | c̣enλə-ʁe |
| poss - neg -caution- obl | because_of | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace
| jə-mə-saqənəʁe-m | qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe | bzəλfǝʁe-r | c̣enλə-ʁe |
| poss - neg -caution- obl | csl - loc -go_out- ins | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew
| jə-mə-saqənəʁe-m | qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew | bzəλfǝʁe-r | c̣enλə-ʁe |
| poss - neg -caution- obl | csl - loc -go_out- adv | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: jajakece
| jə-mə-saqənəʁem | jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | c̣enλa-ʁe. |
| poss - neg -caution- obl | poss -evil- ins | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce
| jə-mə-saqənəʁem | jə-zerar-č̣ʼe | bzəλfəʁe-r | c̣enλa-ʁe. |
| poss - neg -caution- obl | poss -harm- ins | woman- abs | slide- pst |
| The woman slipped due to negligence. | |||
Albanian
35
Status: main; causal marker: nga NOM
| Grua-ja | rrëshqit-i | nga | pakujdesi-a. |
| woman- nom . sg . def . f | slip- aor .3 sg | from | carelessness- nom . sg . def . f |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: per shkak te GEN
| Grua-ja | rrëshqit-i | për | shkak | të | pakujdesi-së. |
| woman- nom . sg . def . f | slip- aor .3 sg | for | reason. acc . sg . indf . m | art | carelessness- gen . sg . def . f |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||||
Arabic
35
Status: main; causal marker: natiidzata GEN
| ʔinzalaq-ati | l-marʔat-u | natiidʒat-a | l-ʔihmaal-i |
| slide. pst . pfv -3 s . f | def -woman( f ). s - nom | result( f ). s - acc | def -negligence( m ). s - gen |
| The woman slipped because of negligence. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| taʕaθθar-ati | l-marʔat-u | bi=sabab-i | ʕadam-i | mubaalaat-i=haa |
| slide. pst . pfv -3 s . f | def -woman( f ). s - nom | with=reason( m ). s - gen | lack- gen | attention( f ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss |
| The woman slipped because of lack of attention. | ||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: gan GEN
| taʕaθθar-ati | l-marʔat-u | ʕan | ʕadam-i | mubaalaat-i-n |
| slide. pst . pfv -3 s . f | def -woman( f ). s - nom | from | lack- gen | attention( f ). s - gen - indef |
| The woman slipped because of lack of attention. | ||||
Armenian (Eastern)
35
Status: main; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Kin-ə | anzgušut‘yan | patčaŕ-ov | sayt‘ak‘ec‘. |
| woman- def | carelessness. gen | cause- ins | slip. aor .3 sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL
| Kin-ə | sayt‘ak‘-el=ē | anzgušut‘yun-ic‘. |
| woman- def | slip- ptcp _ pf =be. prs .3 sg | carelessness- abl |
| The woman slipped out of carelessness | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
35
Status: main; causal marker: but
| báxta | npə́l-la | ka | but | +márr-o |
| woman( f ) | fall. pst - ls .3 f | to | about | pain( m )- p .3 f |
| The woman fell because of the pain. | ||||
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained | ||||
Basque
35
Status: main; causal marker: GEN ondorioz
| Emakume-a | bere | arduragabekeria-ren | ondorio-z | errista-tu | zen. |
| woman- sg [ abs ] | refl | irresponsibility[ sg ]- gen | result- ins | slip- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||||
Belarusian
35
Status: main; causal marker: pa DAT
| žančyn-a | pasliznu-l-a-sja | pa | neascjapožnasc-i |
| woman- nom . sg | slip- pst - sg . f - refl | prep | negligence- dat . sg |
| The woman slipped because of the lack of attention. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN
| žančyn-a | pasliznu-l-a-sja | z-za | neascjapožnasc-i |
| woman- nom . sg | slip- pst - sg . f - refl | prep | negligence- gen . sg |
| The woman slipped because of the lack of attention. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| žančyn-a | pasliznu-l-a-sja | praz | neascjapožnasc' |
| woman- nom . sg | slip- pst - sg . f - refl | prep | negligence[ acc . sg ] |
| The woman slipped because of the lack of attention. | |||
Catalan
35
Status: main; causal marker: per
| La | don-a | va | rellisc-ar | per | imprudenci-a. |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | go. prs .3 sg | slip- inf | for | recklessness( f )- sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
35
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| zhègè | nǚrén | yīnwéi | dàyì | ér | huádǎo-le |
| this | woman | because | carelessness | and | slip- pfv |
| The woman slipped by carelessness. | |||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| xërarəm | jənəʂ | ɕu-za | yk-rj-ë |
| woman | mistake | fall- cv _ sim | fall- pst -3 sg |
| The woman fell mistakenly. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | |||
English
35
Status: main; causal marker: because of
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. |
Erzya
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| ava-sʲ | nolašt-sʲ | èsʲ | prjanʲ avolʲ vansto-vo-zʲ |
| woman- nom . def | slip- pst .3 sg | not | protect- pass - ptcp . pst |
| The woman slipped without taking care. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase | |||
Filipino
35
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Na-dulás | ang=babáe | dáhil | sa | kapabayáan. |
| pfv . mod . ev -slip | nom =woman | because | obl | carelessness |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
French
35
Status: main; causal marker: par
| La | femme | a | gliss-é | par | inattention. |
| def . f | woman( f ) | have. prs .3 sg | slip. ptcp . prf | by | inattention( f ) |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||||
German
35
Status: main; causal marker: aus DAT
| Aus | Unachtsamkeit | rutsch-te | die | Frau | aus. |
| from | carelessness( f )[ sg . dat ] | slip- pst .3 sg | def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | from |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||||
Guro
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| lɩ | zàn | bhùù | é | mɔɔ̀nɔnɛ́ | và |
| woman | resp | fail\ pfv | 3 sg . refl | surprise | at |
| A woman fell on her own surprise. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | |||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| lɩ | zàn | bhílí | ká | à | lɛ̀ | lo, | à | le | wɩ́ | ma | le | è | bhùù |
| woman | resp | liver | neg | 3 sg . nsbj | for | neg | 3 sg . nsbj | poss | affair | on | pcop | 3 sg . sbj | fail\ pfv |
| A woman was not paying attention, this is why she fell. | |||||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing and the caused events are not expressed in a single sentence. | |||||||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
35
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| wanita | itu | terpeleset | karena | kecerobohan-nya |
| women | that | slip | because | carelessness- poss .3 |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
Italian
35
Status: main; causal marker: per
| la | donna | è | scivolata | per | imprudenza |
| def . f . sg | woman | be. prs . f . sg | slip. pst . ptcp . f . sg | for | imprudence |
| The woman slipped because of imprudence. | |||||
Japanese
35
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| Josei-wa | fuchūi-de | subet-ta. |
| woman- top | carelessness- ins | slip- pst |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL
| Josei-wa | fuchūi-kara | subet-ta. |
| woman- top | carelessness- abl | slip- pst |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||
Karelian
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
35
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| äyel1 | adam2 | abay-sïz-dïq-tan | tay-ïp ket-ti |
| woman1,2. nom | careful- car - nmlz - abl | slip- cvb | go_away- pst .3 sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
Khanty (Northern)
35
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| tum | im-en | ăn | λawλəsijəλ-t-aλ | păta | iλ | wuśləmt-əs |
| that | woman- poss .2 sg | neg | beware- nfin . npst -3 sg | for | down | slip- pst |
| The woman slipped by carelessness. | ||||||
Khmer
35
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| khɲom | daɯ | rɔʔəl | duəl | daoj1 | sa:2 | ka: | mɯn | proŋ prɒjat |
| 1 sg | walk | slip | fall | daoj _ sa ː1,2 | nmlz | neg | try | be_careful |
| I slipped because of being careless. | ||||||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh
| khɲom | daɯ | rɔʔəl | duəl | prʊəh | ka: | mɯn | proŋ | prɒjat |
| 1 sg | walk | slip | fall | pr ƱƏ h | nmlz | neg | try | be_careful |
| I slipped because of being careless. | ||||||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae
| khɲom | daɯ | rɔʔəl | duəl | prʊəh1 | tae2 | ka: | mɯn | proŋ prɒjat |
| 1 sg | walk | slip | fall | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 1,2 | nmlz | neg | try | be_careful |
| I slipped because of being careless. | ||||||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: maok pi
| khɲom | daɯ | rɔʔəl | duəl | maok1 | piː2 | ka: | mɯn | proŋ prɒjat |
| 1 sg | walk | slip | fall | maok _ pi ː1,2 | nmlz | neg | try | be_careful |
| I slipped because of being careless. | ||||||||
Khwarshi
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| žu | iž-ža | iłi-s | ħisab | gobič’č’u |
| stupidity\ erg | fell- aor | 3 sg . o - gen 1 | caution | without |
| She fell by accident. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||
Kumyk
35
Status: main; causal marker: abl
| qʼatyn | χantawluqʼ-tan | syrʁala-d-y |
| woman | heedlessness- abl | slip- pst -3 sg |
| The woman slipped from heedlessness. | ||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: uchun
| qʼatyn | χantawluqʼ | učun | syrʁala-d-y |
| woman | heedlessness | because_of | slip- pst -3 sg |
| The woman slipped due to heedlessness. | |||
Latvian
35
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Sieviet-e | paslīdēj-a | neuzmanīb-as | dēļ. |
| woman- nom . sg | slip. pst -3 | inattention- gen . sg | because.of |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
Lezgian
35
Status: main; causal marker: INEL
| muqajatsuzwil-aj | diʃehli-∅ | tsʔydɣyn-na |
| negligence- inel | woman. s - abs | slip- aor |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||
Lithuanian
35
Status: main; causal marker: per ACC
| Moter-is | paslyd-o | per | neatsargum-ą. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip- pst .3 | through | carelessness( m )- acc . sg |
| The woman slipped by carelessness. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: is GEN
| Moter-is | paslyd-o | iš | neatsargum-o. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip- pst .3 | out_of | carelessness( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman slipped due to carelessness. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: del GEN
| Moter-is | paslyd-o | dėl | neatsargum-o. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip- pst .3 | because_of | carelessness( m )- gen . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
Moksha
35
Status: main; causal marker: EL
| ava-s' | gur'ks-t' | af | van-ft-əma-stə |
| woman- def . sg | slip | up- pst .3[ sg ] | neg look- caus - nzr - el |
| The woman slipped due to carelessness. | |||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Kvinn-en | var | uforsiktig | og | sklei | på | is-en. |
| woman- def . sg | be. pst | careless | and | slide. pst | on | ice- def . sg |
| The woman was careless and slipped on the ice. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | ||||||
Polish
35
Status: main; causal marker: przez ACC
| Kobiet-a | poślizgnę-ł-a | się | przez | nieuwag-ę. |
| woman- nom . sg | slip- pst - f . sg | refl | through | carelessness- acc . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
Russian
35
Status: main; causal marker: po DAT
| Ženščin-a | poskolʹznu-l-a-sʹ | po | neostorožnost-i. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl | by | carelessness( f )- dat . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Ženščin-a | poskolʹznu-l-a-sʹ | iz-za | nevnimatelʹnost-i. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip( pfv )- pst - f . sg - refl | out.of-behind | inattention( f )- dat . sg |
| The woman slipped because of inattention. | |||
Serbian
35
Status: main; causal marker: iz GEN
| žen-a | se | okliznu-l-a | iz | neopreznost-i |
| woman- nom . sg | refl | slip- pst . ptcp - f . sg | prep | carelessness- gen . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: zbog GEN
| žen-a | se | okliznu-l-a | zbog | neopreznost-i |
| woman- nom . sg | refl | slip- pst . ptcp - f . sg | prep | carelessness- gen . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
Shughni
35
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Yā | ɣ̌inik | az | rui | xu | bey-i | parwo | kirx̌ | sa-t. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f ) | el | caus | refl | without- adj | care | slippery | go- pst . f |
| The woman slipped because of her carelessness. | ||||||||
Slovenian
35
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Žensk-a | je | zaradi | nerodnost-i spodrsni-l-a. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | aux .3 sg | carelessness( f )- gen . sg | slip( pfv )- lpt - f . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Žensk-a | je | bi-l-a | nerodn-a | in | ji | je | spodrsni-l-o. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | aux .3 sg | be- lpt - f . sg | careless- f . nom . sg | and | she. dat | aux .3 sg | slip( pfv )- lpt - n . sg |
| The woman was carelless and slipped. | |||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing and the caused events are not expressed in a single sentence. | |||||||
Spanish
35
Status: main; causal marker: por
| la | mujer | resbal-ó | por | descuido |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | slip- aor .3 sg | because_of | recklessness( m )- sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
Swedish
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Kvinna-n | halka-de | för | att | hon | var | oförsiktig. |
| woman- def . c . sg | slip- pst | for | that | she. anim | be. pst | careless |
| The woman slipped because she was careless. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: pa grund av
| Kvinna-n | halka-de | på | grund | av | sin | oförsiktighet. |
| woman- def . c . sg | slip- pst | on | ground | of | poss . refl . n . sg | carelessness |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||||
Telugu
35
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| āviḍa | ajāgratta | valla | jāripaḍi-ṁdi. |
| that_woman. sg | carelessness. sg . obl | by | slip_off. pst -3 sg . nm |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
Udmurt (South)
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Kyšnomurt | gylǯ́-i-z | utč́a-śk-ytek. |
| woman | slip- pst -3( sg ) | view- detr - car |
| The woman slipped, not watching <her steps>. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||
Ukrainian
35
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | підсковзну-л-а-ся | через | необачність. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | slip- pst - sg . f - refl | through | negligence( f ). acc . sg |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | |||
Urdu
35
Status: main; causal marker: me
| ɔrat | bexayālī | meṁ | phisal | gay-ī. |
| woman( f ). sg . dir | unmindfulness( f ). sg . obl | in | slip | go. pfv - sg . f |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||
35
Status: alternate; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ɔrat | bexayālī | kī | vajah | se | phisal | gay-ī. |
| woman( f ). sg . dir | unmindfulness( f ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | slip | go. pfv - sg . f |
| The woman slipped because of carelessness. | ||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
35
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| aʁnaq | qiːɣnis-imaː-q | jakɬuni | piː-nʁitə-m |
| woman. abs . sg | slide- pst (+ ind . tr )-3 sg | so | do- neg - rel . sg |
| The woman slipped. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is not explicitly expressed. | |||