Sentence no. 37 ⮭
English: The pilot could not land the plane
Type: ontological
Adyghe
37
Status: main; causal marker: jajakece
| ʔepəʔesenəʁe-r | zere-f-jə-mə-qʷə-re-m | jə-jaʁe-č̣ʼe | ljotčʼjəkə-m | qʷəh.late-r | ə-ʁe-ṭəsə-ŝʷə-ʁ-ep |
| skill- obl | rel . fct - ben - loc - neg -grab- dyn - obl | poss -evil- ins | pilot- obl | aircraft- abs | 3 sg . erg - caus -sit_down- hbl - pst - neg |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| ʔepəʔesenəʁe-r | f-jə-mə-qʷ-ew | ljotčʼjəkə-m | qʷəh.late-r | ə-ʁe-ṭəsə-ŝʷə-ʁ-ep |
| skill- obl | ben - loc - neg -grab- adv | pilot- obl | aircraft- abs | 3 sg . erg - caus -sit_down- hbl - pst - neg |
| The pilot lacked skill and was unable to land the plane. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | ||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: jazerarce
| ʔepəʔesenəʁe-r | zere-f-jə-mə-qʷə-re-m | jə-zerar-č̣ʼe | ljotčʼjəkə-m | qʷəh.late-r | ə-ʁe-ṭəsə-ŝʷə-ʁ-ep |
| skill- obl | rel . fct - ben - loc - neg -grab- dyn - obl | poss -harm- ins | pilot- obl | aircraft- abs | 3 sg . erg - caus -sit_down- hbl - pst - neg |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||
Albanian
37
Status: main; causal marker: per shkak te GEN
| Pilot-i | nuk | arrit-i | të | ul-te | aeroplan-in | për | shkak | të | papërvoj-ës. |
| pilot- nom . sg . def . m | neg | manage- aor .3 sg | sbjv | land- impf .3 sg | plane- acc . sg . def . m | for | reason. acc . sg . indf . m | art | inexperince- gen . sg . def . f |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||||||
Arabic
37
Status: main; causal marker: li GEN
| lam | j-akun-∅ | utʕ-tʕajjaar-u | qaadir-a-n | ʕalaa | hubuutʕ-i | tʕ-tʕaaʔirat-i | li=ʕadam-i | mtilaak-i=hi | l-χibrat-a | l-kafij-at-a |
| neg | 3 s . m . cond -be-3 s . m . cond | def -pilot. m - nom | capable. m - acc - indef | on | lowering( m )- gen | def -aircraft( f ). s - gen | because_of=lack- gen | possession- gen =3 s . m . poss | def -experience( f ). s - acc | def -sufficient- s . f - acc |
| The pilot was not capable of landing the plane due to the lack of inexperience. | ||||||||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| lam | j-atamakkan-∅ | itʕ-tʕajjaar-u | mina | l-hubuutʕ-i | bi=tʕ-tʕaaʔirat-i | bi=sabab-i | ʕadam-i | χibrat-i=hi |
| neg | 3 s . m . cond -be-3 s . m . cond | def -pilot( m ). s - nom | on | lowering( m ). s - gen | with= def -aircraft( f ). s - gen | with=reason( m ). s - gen | lack- gen | experience( f ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss |
| The pilot was not capable of landing the plane <due to the lack of inexperience. | ||||||||
Armenian (Eastern)
37
Status: main; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Anp‘orjut‘yan | patčaŕ-ov | ōdač‘u-n | č‘-karoġac‘-av | vayrēĵk‘ | katar-el. |
| inexperience. gen | cause- ins | pilot- def | neg -be_able- aor .3 sg | descent | do- inf |
| The pilot could not land due to inexperience. | |||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL elnelov
| Anp‘orjut‘yun-ic‘ | eln-el-ov | ōdač‘u-n | č‘-karoġac‘-av | vayrēĵk‘ | katar-el. |
| inexperience- abl | go_out- inf - ins | pilot- def | neg -be_able- aor .3 sg | descent | do- inf |
| The pilot could not land due to inexperience. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
37
Status: main; causal marker: but
| náša | la | +mə́s-lə | mutvá-lə | samolét | ka | but | la | dét-u |
| man( m ) | neg 1 | be_able. pst - ls .3 m | place. pst - ss .3 f - ls .3 m | aircraft( f ) | to | about | neg 1 | know. nmlz - p .3 m |
| The man did not land the plane because of lack of knowledge. | ||||||||
Basque
37
Status: main; causal marker: GEN ondorioz
| Pilotu-a-k | ezin | iza-n | zuen | hegazkin-a | lurrera-tu | bere | esperientzia | ez-a-ren | ondorio-z. |
| pilot- sg - erg | impossibility | be- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg | plane- sg [ abs ] | land- pfv | refl | experience | lack- sg - gen | result- ins |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: MOT
| Pilotu-a-k | ezin | iza-n | zuen | hegazkin-a | lurrera-tu | bere | esperientzia | ez-a-gatik. |
| pilot- sg - erg | impossibility | be- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg | plane- sg [ abs ] | land- pfv | refl | experience | lack- sg - mot |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | ||||||||
Belarusian
37
Status: main; causal marker: z-za GEN
| pilot | ne | zmog | pasadzic' | samalёt | z-za | nespraktykavabasc-i |
| pilot- nom . sg | neg | be_able[ pst . sg . m ] | land- inf | aircraft- acc . sg | prep | inexperience- gen . sg |
| The man landed the plane thanks to the big experience. | ||||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| pilot | ne | zmog | pasadzic' | samalёt | praz | nespraktykavabasc' |
| pilot- nom . sg | neg | be_able[ pst . sg . m ] | land- inf | aircraft- acc . sg | prep | inexperience[ acc . sg ] |
| The man did not land the plane because of inexperience. | ||||||
Catalan
37
Status: main; causal marker: degut a
| El | pilot | no | ha | po-gut | aterr-ar | l' | avió | degut | a | la | seva | inexperienci-a. |
| def . sg . m | pilot( m ). sg | neg | have. prs .3 sg | be_able- ptcp . sg . m | land- inf | def . sg . m | plane( m ). sg | be_due. ptcp . sg . m . | to | def . sg . f | 3 sg . poss . sg . f | inexperience( f )- sg |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to his inexperience. | ||||||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| zhègè | jīshī | yīnwéi | jīngyàn | bùzú | ér | wúfǎ | jiàngluò |
| this | pilot | because | experience | not_enough | and | not_method | land |
| The pilot could not land the plane because of his inexperience. | |||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| pilot | opɨt | ɕok | pergi | samolot-nj-a | lard-i-me-rj-ë |
| pilot | experience | neg . ex | post | aircraft- p _3- obj | land- pot - neg - pst -3 sg |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane because he had no experience. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
English
37
Status: main; causal marker: due to
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to inexperience. |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to inexperience. |
Erzya
37
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| piloto-sʲ | èzʲ | mašt-o | ozavtoms | menelʲvenče-ntʲ | berjanʲ-stè | tave-nzè | sodamoči-ntʲ | kuvalma |
| pilot- nom . def | not | be_able_to- cn | plant | airplane- gen . def | bad- ell | case-3 sg . poss .3 sg | knowledge- gen . def | from |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to poor knowledge of the matter. | ||||||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| piloto-sʲ | èz-mašt-o | ozavtoms | samolёto-sʲ | alamo | opɨte-nze | kisè |
| pilot- nom . def | neg -be_able- cn | plant | airplane- nom . def | little[ adj . m ] | experience-3 sg . poss . sg . gen | because_of |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to little knowledge of the matter. | ||||||
Filipino
37
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Hindíˀ | nai-lapág=ng | pilóto | ang=eropláno | dáhil | sa | kawalán=niyá=ng | karanásan. |
| neg | pv . pfv . mod -placing_down= gen | pilot | nom =airplane | because | obl | absence=3 sg . gen = gen | experience |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to the lack of experience. | |||||||
French
37
Status: main; causal marker: par
| Le | pilote | n’ | a | pas | su | faire | atterrir | l’ | avion | par | manque | d’ | expérience. |
| def . m | pilot( m ) | neg | have. prs .3 sg | neg 2 | be.able. ptcp . prf | do. inf | land. inf | def . m | plane( m ) | by | lack( f ) | of | experience( f ) |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to the lack of experience. | |||||||||||||
German
37
Status: main; causal marker: auf grund GEN
| Der | Pilot | konn-te | auf | Grund | sein-er | fehlend-en | Erfahrung | das | Flugzeug | nicht | landen. |
| def . nom | pilot( m )[ sg . nom ] | can- pst .3 sg | on | ground( m )[ sg . dat ] | poss . refl - gen | missing- gen | experience( f )[ sg . gen ] | def . acc | plane( n )[ sg . acc ] | not | land. inf |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||||||||
Guro
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| viɔɔ̀n | vɔ-zàn | ká | sɔ́ | lɛ | à | zùnlɩ | nya | lo, | naa, | è | ká | é | le | nyáná | dɔ̀ɔ̀à | é | zì'má | lo | à | le | wɩ́ | ma | le |
| airplane | sow- ag | neg | be.liked | pfv . neg | 3 sg . nsbj | go.down- ger | with | neg | so | 3 sg . sbj | neg | 3 sg . refl | poss | work | know. neg | adv | good | neg | 3 sg . nsbj | poss | affair | on | pcop |
| A pilot was not able to land an aircraft because he did not know his work good enough, this is why. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| pilot | itu | tidak | bisa | mendaratkan | pesawat-nya | karena | kurang | berpengalaman |
| pilot | that | neg | can | land | plane- poss .3 | because | less | inexperience |
| The pilot could not land the plane because he had little experience. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
Italian
37
Status: main; causal marker: per
| il | pilota | non | è | riuscito | a | far | atterrare | l’ | aereo | per | mancanza | di | esperienza |
| def . m . sg | pilot | neg | be. prs .3 sg | manage. pst . ptcp . m . sg | to | make. inf | land. inf | def . m . sg | plane | for | lack | of | experience |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||||||||||
Japanese
37
Status: main; causal marker: GEN tame
| Pairotto-wa | keikenbusoku-no | tame | chakuriku-deki-na-katta. |
| pilot- top | lack_of_experience- gen | cause | landing- vblz . pot - neg - pst |
| The pilot couldn’t land [the plane] due to the lack of experience. | |||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: INS
| Pairotto-wa | keikenbusoku-de | chakuriku-deki-na-katta. |
| pilot- top | lack_of_experience- ins | landing- vblz . pot - neg - pst |
| The pilot couldn’t land [the plane] due to the lack of experience. | ||
Karelian
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
37
Status: main; causal marker: GEN kesirinen
| ušqïš | täžiribe-si-niŋ | žoq-tïɣ-ï-nïŋ | kesirinen | ušaq-tï | qondïr-a | al-ma-dï |
| pilot. nom | experience- poss .3- gen | lack- nmlz - poss .3- gen | because_of | plane- acc | land- cvb | give- neg - pst .3 sg |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane because of lack of experience. | ||||||
Khanty (Northern)
37
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| tɵs | ăn | tăj-t-aλ | păta | χop-əλ | ăn | wɛr-s-əλλe |
| skillful | neg | have- nfin . npst -3 sg | for | boat- poss .3 sg | neg | make- pst -3 sg > nsg |
| He was not able to repair the boat due to his lack of skills. | ||||||
Khmer
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. |
Khwarshi
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| šoper-qo | tormoz | gil-a | l-eqʷ-aj | iso-qo | bercin-go | mašina | miχi-k’-a | b-eq-qo | b-eča-bč’u-čo |
| driver- poss | brake | put- inf | iv -small- neg . aor | iv -small- neg . aor | beautiful- adv | machine | drive- caus - inf | vi -be_able- prs | vi -be- neg . cnv - its |
| The driver did not have time to apply the brakes because he did not know how to drive a car. | |||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||||||
Kumyk
37
Status: main; causal marker: abl
| pilot | samolet-nu | oltu-t-ma-d-y | bilmejgenlik-ten |
| pilot | airplane- gen | sit- caus - neg - pst -3 sg | ignorance- abl |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane out of ignorance. | |||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: uchun
| pilot | samolet-nu | oltu-t-ma-d-y | bilmejgenlik | učun |
| pilot | airplane- gen | sit- caus - neg - pst -3 sg | ignorance | because_of |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to ignorance. | ||||
Latvian
37
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Pilot-s | ne-spēj-a | nosēs-tie-s | pieredz-es | trūkum-a | dēļ. |
| pilot- nom . sg | neg -be.able. pst -3 | land- inf - rfl | experience- gen . sg | lack- gen . sg | because.of |
| The pilot could not land the plane because of his inexperience. | |||||
Lezgian
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| teʒriba-∅ | ʔawa-tʃ-ir-wil-aj | pilotd-iwaj | samaljot-∅ | ʔatsuqʔariz | xa-na-tʃ |
| experience. s - abs | be- neg - aop - abst - inel | pilot. s - adel | aircraft. s - abs | land | become- aor - neg |
| Because he did not have a lot of experience, the pilot was able to land the aircraft. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | |||||
Lithuanian
37
Status: main; causal marker: del GEN
| Pilot-as | ne-sugebėj-o | nutupd-yti | lektuv-ą | dėl | nepatirti-es. |
| pilot( m )- nom . sg | not-be_able- pst .3 | land- inf | plane( m )- acc . sg | because_of | inexperience( f )- gen . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane because of his inexperience. | |||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: per ACC
| Pilot-as | ne-sugebėj-o | nutupd-yti | lektuv-ą | per | nepatyrim-ą. |
| pilot( m )- nom . sg | not-can- pst .3 | land- inf | plane( m )- acc . sg | through | inexperience( m )- acc . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||
Moksha
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian (Bokmål)
37
Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av
| Pilot-en | klar-te | ikke | å | lande | fly-et | på | grunn | av | sin | uerfarenhet. |
| pilot- def . sg | cope- pst | neg | inf | land | aircraft- def . sg | on | soil | from | own | inexperience |
| The pilot was unable to land the plane due to inexperience. | ||||||||||
Polish
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Nie | potrafi-ł | wylądowa-ć | bo | by-ł | niedoświadczon-y. |
| neg | manage- pst [ m . sg ] | land- inf | because | be- pst [ m . sg ] | inexperienced- nom . sg . m |
| He could not land the plane because he was inexperienced. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: z powodu GEN
| Pilot | nie | potrafi-ł | wylądowa-ć | z | powod-u | niedoświadczen-ia. |
| pilot[ nom . sg ] | neg | manage- pst [ m . sg ] | land- inf | from2 | reason- gen . sg | inexperience- gen . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | ||||||
Russian
37
Status: main; causal marker: po DAT
| Pilot | ne | smog | posadi-tʹ | samolёt | po | neopytnost-i. |
| pilot( m )[ nom . sg ] | not | manage( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] | land( pfv )- inf | plane( m )[ acc . sg ] | by | inexperience( f )- dat . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | ||||||
37
Status: alternate; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Pilot | ne | smog | posadi-tʹ | samolёt | iz-za | neopytnost-i. |
| pilot( m )[ nom . sg ] | not | manage( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] | land( pfv )- inf | plane( m )[ acc . sg ] | out.of-behind | inexperience( f )- gen . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to inexperience. | ||||||
Serbian
37
Status: main; causal marker: zbog GEN
| pilot | ni-je | uspe-o | da | slet-i | zbog | sv-og | neiskustv-a |
| pilot. nom . sg | neg -be. prs .3 sg | manage- pst . ptcp | compl | land- prs .3 sg | prep | refl . pron - gen . n . sg | inexperience- gen . sg |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to inexperience. | |||||||
Shughni
37
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Yu | pilot=i | az | rui | xu | nofām-i | wam | samalůt | na-vār | δo-d | nêδdow. |
| dem 3. m . sg | pilot( m )=3 sg | el | caus | refl | dumb-3 sg | dem .3 f . sg . obl | plane | neg -can | hit- pst | land. inf |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane with the lack of experience. | ||||||||||
Slovenian
37
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Zaradi | svoj-e | neizkušenost-i | pilot | ni | moge-l | prista-ti. |
| because.of | one’s- f . gen . sg | inexperience( f )- gen . sg | pilot( m )[ nom . sg ] | not | be.able( ipfv ). lpt [ m . sg ] | land( pfv )- inf |
| The pilot could not land due to inexperience. | ||||||
Spanish
37
Status: main; causal marker: por
| el | piloto | no | pud-o | aterriz-ar | el | avión | por | inexperiencia |
| def . sg . m | pilot( m ). sg | neg | be_able_to- aor . sg . m | land- inf | def . sg . m | plane( m ). sg | because_of | inexperience( f )- sg |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane due to his inexperience. | ||||||||
Swedish
37
Status: main; causal marker: pa grund av
| På | grund | av | sin | oerfarenhet | lycka-de-s | pilot-en | inte | landa | plan-et. |
| on | ground | of | poss . refl . n . sg | inexperience | succeed- pst - pass | pilot- def . c . sg | neg | land. inf | airplane- def . n . sg |
| Due to his inexperience, the pilot could not land the plane. | |||||||||
Telugu
37
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| paileṭ | vimānānni | asamarthatā | valla | diṁcalēkapōy-āḍu. |
| pilot. sg | plane. sg . acc | incompetence. sg . obl | by | put_down. inab . pst -3 sg . m |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to incompetence. | ||||
Udmurt (South)
37
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Ĺotč́ik | ə̑-z | bygat-y | pukt-yny | samoĺot-ze | opyt-ez | ə̑və̑l-en. |
| pilot | neg . pst -3 | be_able- sg | put- inf | plane- acc . p .3 sg | experience- p .3 sg | neg . exist - ins |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane with the lack of experience. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
Ukrainian
37
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Пілот | не | зміг | посади-ти | літак | через | брак | досвід-у. |
| pilot( m ). nom . sg | neg | be_able. pst . sg . m | land- inf | plane( m ). acc . sg | through | lack( m ). acc . sg | experience( m )- gen . sg |
| The pilot could not land the plane due to lack of experience. | |||||||
Urdu
37
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| paileṭ | apn-ī | ɣɛrtajurbakārī | kī | vajah | se | jahāz | leṇḍ | na | kar | sak-ā. |
| pilot( m ). sg . dir | own- f | lack_of_experience( f ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | vessel( m ). sg . dir | land | neg | do | can. pfv - sg . m |
| The pilot couldn’t land the plane because of his lack of experience. | ||||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
37
Status: main; causal marker: REL
| təŋastə-m | aqumə-snəʁit-aː | təŋəxkajuk | piɬxiːtə-m |
| pilot- rel . sg | sit_down- caus . neg - ind . tr +3 sg .3 sg | airplane. abs . sg | become_unable- rel . sg |
| The man did not land the plane due to inability. | |||