NoCaCoDa

Adyghe

41

Status: main; causal marker: paje

jə-pegaʁe	paje	a-r	λ̣ə-m	zeč̣ʼe-m-jə	a-f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ
poss -swagger	because_of	dem - abs	man- obl	all- obl - add	3 pl . io - ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst
The man told everyone about this out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace

jə-pegaʁe	qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe	a-r	λ̣ə-m	zeč̣ʼe-m-jə	a-f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ
poss -swagger	csl - loc -go_out- ins	csl - loc -go_out- ins	man- obl	all- obl - add	3 pl . io - ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst
The man told everyone about this out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew

jə-pegaʁe	qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew	a-r	λ̣ə-m	zeč̣ʼe-m-jə	a-f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ
poss -swagger	csl - loc -go_out- adv	csl - loc -go_out- adv	man- obl	all- obl - add	3 pl . io - ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst
The man told everyone about this out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: apq qjacew

jə-pegaʁe	ə-pq	q-jə-č̣ʼ-ew	a-r	λ̣ə-m	zeč̣ʼe-m-jə	a-f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ
poss -swagger	3 sg . pr -flesh	csl - loc -go_out- adv	csl - loc -go_out- adv	man- obl	all- obl - add	3 pl . io - ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst
The man told everyone about this out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce

jə-pegaʁe	feṣ̂-č̣ʼe	a-r	λ̣ə-m	zeč̣ʼe-m-jə	a-f-jə-ʔʷeta-ʁ
poss -swagger	for- ins	for- ins	man- obl	all- obl - add	3 pl . io - ben -3 sg . erg -tell- pst
The man told everyone about this out of vanity.

Albanian

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Burr-i	u	trego-i	të	gjith-ëve	për	këtë	për	t’-u mburrur.
man- nom . sg . def . m	dat .3 pl	tell- aor .3 sg	art	all- dat . pl	about	this. acc . sg	for	art - refl brag. ptcp
The man told everyone about it trying to brag.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: per ACC

Burr-i	u	trego-i	të	gjith-ëve	për	këtë	për	mburrje.
man- nom . sg . def . m	dat .3 pl	tell- aor .3 sg	art	all- dat . pl	about	this. acc . sg	for	boasting. acc . sg . indf . f
The man told everyone about it out of boasting.

Arabic

41

Status: main; causal marker: bi sababi GEN

ʔaχbar-a	r-radʒul-u	l-dʒamiiʕ-a	ʕan	haaðaa	ʃ-ʃajʔ-i	bi=sabab-i	l-kibrijaaʔ-i
inform. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -man. s . m - nom	def -all- acc	about	this	def -thing( m ). s - gen	with=reason( m ). s - gen	def -vanity( m ). s - gen
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: bi GEN

ʔaχbar-a	r-radʒul-u	l-dʒamiiʕ-a	ʕan	haaðaa	ʃ-ʃajʔ-i	bi=daafiʕ-i	l-kibrijaaʔ-i
inform. pst . pfv -3 s . m	def -man( m ). s - nom	def -all- acc	about	this	def -thing( m ). s - gen	with=incitement( m ). s - gen	def -vanity( m ). s - gen
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Armenian (Eastern)

41

Status: main; causal marker: ABL elnelov

Tġamard-ə	bolor-i-n	ayd	masin	asec‘	p‘aŕasirut‘yun-ic‘	eln-el-ov.
man- def	all- dat - def	that	about	say. aor .3 sg	ambition- abl	go_out- inf - ins
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: ABL

Tġamard-ə	ayd	masin	bolor-i-n	patmec‘	p‘aŕamolut‘yun-ic‘.
man- def	that	about	all- dat - def	relate. aor .3 sg	vanity- abl
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

41

Status: main; causal marker: man

náša	ka	cúllə	hukí-lə	mən	zayarúyta
man( m )	to	all	tell. pst - ls .3 m	from	haughtiness( f )
The man told everyone out of haughtiness.

Basque

41

Status: main; causal marker: INS

Gizon-a-k	mundu	guzti-a-ri	konta-tu	zion	harrokeria-z.
man- sg - erg	world	all- sg - dat	tell- pfv	aux . pst . abs 3 sg . dat 3 sg . erg 3 sg	vanity- ins
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Belarusian

41

Status: main; causal marker: z GEN

mužčyn-a	ŭs-im	pra	gèt-a	raskaza-ŭ	z	ganarystasc-i
man- nom . sg	all- dat . pl	prep	this- nom	tell- pst [ sg . m ]	prep	vanity- gen . sg
The man told this to everyone out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN

mužčyn-a	ŭs-im	pra	gèt-a	raskaza-ŭ	z-za	ganarystasc-i
man- nom . sg	all- dat . pl	prep	this- nom	tell- pst [ sg . m ]	prep	vanity- gen . sg
The man told this to everyone out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC

mužčyn-a	ŭs-im	pra	gèt-a	raskaza-ŭ	praz	ganarystasc'
man- nom . sg	all- dat . pl	prep	this- nom	tell- pst [ sg . m ]	prep	vanity[ acc . sg ]
The man told this to everyone out of vanity.

Catalan

41

Status: main; causal marker: per

L'	home	ho	va	dir	a	tothom	per	vanitat.
def . sg . m	man( m ). sg	3 sg . n . do	go. prs .3 sg	say. inf	to	everybody	for	vanity( f ). sg
The man told this to everyone out of vanity.

Chinese (Mandarin)

41

Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er

zhègè	nánrén	yīnwéi	xūróng	ér	gàosù-le	suǒyǒu	rén
this	man	because	vanity	and	tell- pfv	all	people
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)

41

Status: main; causal marker: INS

arʑɨn	muxtan-ʥəg-ə-ba	on	ɕi-n-ʥen	por-n-e=de	kala-za	bar-za
man	brag- nmlz 2- p _3- ins	he. gen	on- p _3- abl	every- p _3- obj = add	tell- cv _ sim	give- cv _ sim
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

English

41

Status: main; causal marker: out of

The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Erzya

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

cёra-sʲ	vesem-enʲ	ёvtne-sʲ	te-de	prja-nʲ	šnams	kisè
man- nom . def	all- dat	tell- pst .3 sg	this- abl	head- gen	praise	out
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase

Filipino

41

Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa

Ik<in>uwénto	itó=ng	laláki	sa	lahát	dáhil	sa	kayabángan.
ev < pv . pfv >story	prox = gen	man	obl	all	because	obl	arrogance
The man told everyone about it out of arrogance.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: dulot ng

S<in>ábi=ng	laláki	sa	lahát	ang=tungkól	díto	dúlot=ng	kayabángan.
< pv . pfv >say= gen	man	obl	all	nom =about	prox . loc	offering= gen	arrogance
The man told everyone about it out of arrogance.

French

41

Status: main; causal marker: par

L’	homme	a	tout	racont-é	par	vanité.
def . m	man( m )	have. prs .3 sg	everything	tell- ptcp . prf	by	vanity( f )
The man told everything out of vanity.

German

41

Status: main; causal marker: aus DAT

Aus	Stolz	erzähl-te	er	es	all-en.
from	vanity( m )[ sg . dat ]	tell- pst .3 sg	he	it	all- pl . dat
Out of vanity, the man told everyone about it.

Guro

41

Status: main; causal marker: nya

gɔnɛ	zàn	à	fáá	gɩ̀lɩ̀-wʋ́	bòà	wɩ̀	nya
male	resp	3 sg . nsbj	all	chat-carry\ pfv	simple	affair\ nref	with
The man told everyone about it out of naivety.

Indonesian (Standard)

41

Status: main; causal marker: karena

laki-laki	itu	bilang	ke	semua	orang	tentang	hal	itu	karena	kebanggaannya
man	that	say	to	all	human	about	thing	that	because	pride
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Italian

41

Status: main; causal marker: per

l’	uomo	lo	ha	raccontato	a	tutti	per	vantarsi
def . m . sg	man	pron . m . sg	have. prs .3 sg	tell. pst . ptcp . m . sg	to	all. m . pl	for	boast. inf . refl
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Japanese

41

Status: main; causal marker: ABL

Dansei-wa	kyoeishin-kara	sore-o	minna-ni	hanash-ita.
man- top	vanity- abl	this- acc	everyone- dat	tell- pst
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Karelian

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

n.a.

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Kazakh

41

Status: main; causal marker: GEN kesirinen

er1	adam2	bäri-ne	täkqapbarlïɣ-ï-nïŋ	kesirinen	ayt-ïp qoy-dï
man1,2. nom	all- dat	vanity- poss .3- gen	because_of	say- cvb	put- pst .3 sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Khanty (Northern)

41

Status: main; causal marker: pata

iki	śi	oλəŋ-ən	putərt-əs	iškaś-t-aλ	păta
man	dem	about- loc	tell- pst	boast- nfin . npst -3 sg	for
The man told about it out, boasting.

Khmer

41

Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa

boʔrɒh	nuh	riəp1	rɔap2	ˀəvəj3	ˀəvəj4	teaŋ5	ˀɒh6	daoj7 saː8 phiəp ˀɒmnuət rɔbɒh kɔat
man	that	tell1,2	everything_that_is3,4,5,6	daoj _ sa ː7,8	nmlz	boast	poss	3
The man said everything boasting.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh

boʔrɒh	nuh	riəp1	rɔap2	ˀəvəj3	ˀəvəj4	teaŋ5	ˀɒh6	prʊəh phiəp ˀɒmnuət rɔbɒh kɔat
man	that	tell1,2	everything_that_is3,4,5,6	pr ƱƏ h	nmlz	boast	poss	3
The man said everything boasting.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: prueh tae

boʔrɒh	nuh	riəp1	rɔap2	ˀəvəj3	ˀəvəj4	teaŋ5	ˀɒh6	prʊəh7 tae8 phiəp ˀɒmnuət rɔbɒh kɔat
man	that	tell1,2	everything_that_is3,4,5,6	pr ƱƏ h _ tae 7,8	nmlz	boast	poss	3
The man said everything boasting.

Khwarshi

41

Status: main; causal marker: TRM

issi	gojło	q’oč	ejsa	č’oχ-i-qqe
jealousy- o - super - trns	all	all	tell\ aor	pride- o - trm
She told about it everyone out of pride.

Kumyk

41

Status: main; causal marker: abl

er1	giši2	χoχajlyqʼ-tan	bary-na=da χabarla-d-y
man1,2	arrogance- abl	all- gen = add	tell- pst -3 sg
The man told everyone about it out of pride.

Latvian

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Vīriet-is	vis-iem	par	š-o	pastāstīj-a,	godkār-es	dzī-t-s.
man- nom . sg	all- dat . pl . m	about	this- acc . sg	tell. pst -3	vanity- gen . sg	drive- pst . pass . ptcp - nom . sg . m
The man told everyone about it driven by vanity.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN del

Vīriet-is	vis-iem	par	š-o	pastāstīj-a,	godkār-es	dēļ.
man- nom . sg	all- dat . pl . m	about	this- acc . sg	tell. pst -3	vanity- gen . sg	because.of
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Lezgian

41

Status: main; causal marker: INEL

witʃ-in	qʔuru	takaburwil-aj	ʔitim-di	ʔidakaj	wiri-daz	ʔaqhaj-na
himself- gen	dry	arrogance- inel	man. s - erg	this	all- dat	discover- aor
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Lithuanian

41

Status: main; causal marker: is GEN

Žmog-us	vis-iems	apie	tai	papasakoj-o	iš	tuštyb-ės.
person( m )- nom . sg	all- dat . pl	about	that	tell- pst .3	out_of	vanity( f )- gen . sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Moksha

41

Status: main; causal marker: CSL

al'ɛ-s'	s'embə-n'	az-əz'n'e	falend-əma-nksə
man- def . sg	all- gen	say- pst .3 pl . o .3 sg . s	boast- nzr - csl
The man told everyone about it out of boastfulness.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: inksa GEN

al'ɛ-s'	s'embə-n'	az-əz'n'e	falend-əma-t'	inksə
man- def . sg	all- gen	say- pst .3 pl . o .3 sg . s	boast- nzr - def . sg	because_of
The man told everyone about it out of boastfulness.

Norwegian (Bokmål)

41

Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av

Mannen	fortal-te	det	til	alle	på	grunn	av	sin	ærgjerrighet.
man- def . sg	tell- pst	that. sg . n	to	all. pl	on	soil	from	own	ambition
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Polish

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Mężczyzn-a	powiedzia-ł	o	tym	wszytk-im,	żeby	się	pochwali-ć.
man- nom . sg	tell- pst [ m . sg ]	about	this. loc . sg . m	all- dat . pl	comp . sbjv	refl	praise- inf
The man told everyone about it to praise himself.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: z GEN

Mężczyzn-a	powiedzia-ł	o	tym	wszystk-im	z	próżnośc-i.
man- nom . sg	tell- pst [ m . sg ]	about	this. loc . sg . m	all- dat . pl	from2	vanity- gen . sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: przez ACC

Mężczyzn-a	powiedzia-ł	o	tym	wszystk-im	przez	próżność.
man- nom . sg	tell- pst [ m . sg ]	about	this. loc . sg . m	all- dat . pl	through	vanity[ acc . sg ]
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Russian

41

Status: main; causal marker: iz GEN

Mužčin-a	vsem	rasskaza-l	ob	èt-om	iz	tščeslavij-a.
man( m )- nom . sg	all. dat . pl	tell( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	about	this- n . loc . sg	out.of	vanity( n )- gen . sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Serbian

41

Status: main; causal marker: iz GEN

muškarac	je	sv-ima	t-o	ispriča-o	iz	sujet-e
man. nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	all- dat . pl	that- acc . n . sg	tell- pst . ptcp	prep	vanity- gen . sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: zbog GEN

muškarac	je	zbog	sujet-e	sv-ima	to	ispriča-o
man. nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	prep	vanity- gen . sg	all- dat . pl	that- acc . n . sg	tell- pst . ptcp
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Shughni

41

Status: main; causal marker: az rui

Yu	čorik=i	az	rui	xu	gordost	fuk-ard-aθ	dar1	bōra2	di lů-d.
dem 3. m . sg	man( m )=3 sg	el	caus	refl	pride	everyone- lat - adv	regarding1,2	ptcl	say- pst
The man told everyone about it out of pride.

Slovenian

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Človek	je	bi-l	tako	domišljav,	da	je	vsem	o	tem	poveda-l.
man( m )[ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	be- lpt [ m . sg ]	so	vain[ m . nom . sg ]	conj	aux .3 sg	all. dat . pl	about	this. loc	tell( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]
The man was so vain that he told everyone about it.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing and the caused events are not expressed in a single sentence.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.

Človek	je	vsem	o	tem	poveda-l,	ker	je	bi-l	domišljav.
man( m )[ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	all. dat . pl	about	this. loc	tell( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]	because	aux .3 sg	be- lpt [ m . sg ]	vain[ m . nom . sg ]
The man told everyone about it because he was vain.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

41

Status: alternate; causal marker: zaradi GEN

Zaradi	svoj-e	domišljavost-i	je	človek	vsem	o	tem	poveda-l.
because.of	one’s- f . gen . sg	vanity( f )- gen . sg	aux .3 sg	man( m )[ nom . sg ]	all. dat . pl	about	this- loc	tell( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ]
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Spanish

41

Status: main; causal marker: por

el	hombre	se	lo	cont-ó	a	todo-s	por	vanidad
def . sg . m	man( m ). sg	3 pl . iobj	3 sg . n . dobj	say- aor .3 sg	to	everybody- pl . m	because_of	vanity( f ). sg
The man told this to everyone out of vanity.

Swedish

41

Status: main; causal marker: av

Mann-en	berätta-de	det	för	all-a	av	ren	fåfänga.
man- def . c . sg	tell- pst	def . n . sg	for	all- pl	of	pure	vanity
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Telugu

41

Status: main; causal marker: to

atanu	ḍābu	tō	dāni	guriṁci	aṁdari-ki	cepp-āḍu.
that_man. sg	ostentation. sg . obl	with	that. obl	about	all. epic . obl - dat	say. pst -3 sg . m
The man told everyone about it out of ostentation.

Udmurt (South)

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

Vorgoron	vera-z	so-je	vańm-yz-ly	vyltija-śk-ysa.
man	say- pst .3 sg	that- acc	all- p .3 sg - dat	extol- detr - cvb
The man told everyone about it, boasting.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase.

Ukrainian

41

Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC

Чоловік	розпові-в	про	ц-е	вс-ім	через	марнославств-о.
man( m ). nom . sg	tell- pst . sg . m	about	this- acc	everyone- dat . pl	through	vanity( n )- acc . sg
The man told everyone about it out of vanity.

Urdu

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

ādmī

ne

bātil

ho-n-e

kī

vajah

se

sab

ko

us-ke

bāre

meṁ

batā diy-ā.

man( m ). sg . obl

ta

false

be- inf - obl

adjz . f

reason( f ). sg . obl

all. obl

obj

that. obl - adjz . m . sg . obl

about

in

tell

give. pfv - sg . m

The man told everyone about it because of being pretentious.

Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence.

Yupik (Siberian)

41

Status: main; causal marker: n.a.

juk	tama-kən	uŋipaq-uχt-u-q	juːk-ɬu-ni
man. abs . sg	dem -?	tell- distr (?)- ind . intr -3 sg	boast- cvb -3 sg . ss
The man told everyone about it, boasting.
Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event.

Sentence no. 41 ⮭

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