Sentence no. 44 ⮭
English: The teacher commended the student
Type: ontological
Adyghe
44
Status: main; causal marker: paje
| č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-r | studjentə-m | jə-ǯʼane | paje | šʼə-tχʷə-ʁ |
| teacher- abs | a_student- obl | poss -dress | because_of | loc -praise- pst |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | ||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce
| č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-r | studjentə-m | jə-ǯʼane | feṣ̂(-č̣ʼe) | šʼə-tχʷə-ʁ |
| teacher- abs | a_student- obl | poss -dress | for- ins | loc -praise- pst |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | ||||
Albanian
44
Status: main; causal marker: per ACC
| Mësues-i | e | lavdëro-i | student-in | për | kostum-in | e | tij. |
| teacher- nom . sg . def . m | acc .3 sg | commend- aor .3 sg | student- acc . sg . def . m | for | suit- acc . sg . def . m | art | gen .3 m |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||||
Arabic
44
Status: main; causal marker: galaa GEN
| madaħ-a | l-muʕallim-u | t-tilmiið-a | ʕalaa | baldat-i=hi |
| praise. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -teacher( m ). s - nom | def -student( m ). s - acc | on | suit( f ). s - gen =3 s . m . poss |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||
Armenian (Eastern)
44
Status: main; causal marker: GEN/DAT hamar
| Usuc‘ič‘-ə | govec‘ | ašakert-i-n | ir | kostyum-i | hamar. |
| teacher- def | praise. aor .3 sg | pupil- dat - def | himself/herself/itself. gen | costume- gen / dat | for |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
44
Status: main; causal marker: but
| +rábi | +xkə́r-lə | əsculá | ka | but ǧúll-u | |
| teacher( m ) | honour. pst - ls .3 m | student( m ) | to | about | clothes( m )- p .3 m |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | |||||
Basque
44
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Irakasle-a-k | ikasle-a | bere | traje-a-gatik | zorion-du | zuen. |
| teacher- sg - erg | student- sg [ abs ] | refl | suit- sg - mot | congratulate- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Belarusian
44
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| nastaŭnik | paxvali-ŭ | vučn-ja | za | jagon-y | kascjum |
| teacher[ nom . sg ] | praise | - pst [ sg . m ] | student- acc . sg | prep | his- nom . sg . m clothes[ acc . sg ] |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | |||||
Catalan
44
Status: main; causal marker: per
| El | professor | va | elogi-ar | l' | estudiant | pel | seu | vestit. |
| def . sg . m | professor( m ). sg | go. prs .3 sg | praise- inf | def . sg . m | student( m ). sg | for. def . sg . m | 3 sg . poss . sg . m | dress( m ). sg |
| The professor complimented the student on his uniform. | ||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
44
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| lǎoshī | duì | xuéshēng-de | yīfú | zuòchū-le | biǎozhāng |
| teacher | to | student- poss | clothes | make- pfv | commend |
| The teacher commended the student for his uniform. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the caused event is not explicitly expressed. | |||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
44
Status: main; causal marker: CSL
| uʨitelʲ | vërenegen-e | onən | kostʲum-ʐən | mokta-za |
| teacher | student- obj | он. gen | costume- csl | compliment- cv _ sim |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||
English
44
Status: main; causal marker: for
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. |
Erzya
44
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| tonavtɨcja-sʲ | šnɨ-ze | tonavtnicja-stʲ | oršamo-nzo | kuvalma |
| teacher- nom . def | praise- pst .3. o .3 sg . s | pupil- gen . def | cloth-3 sg . poss .3 sg . gen | out |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | ||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| Уčitele-sʲ | šn-ɨzi | уčenike-stʲ | son-zè | kostюmo-nʲ | kisè |
| teacher- nom . def | praise- pst .3. o .3 sg .s | pupil- nom . def | he- gen | suit- gen | because_of |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | |||||
Filipino
44
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| P<in>úri=ng | gúroˀ | ang=estudyánte | dáhil | sa | kanyá-ng | suót. |
| < pv . pfv >praise= gen | teacher | nom =student | because | obl | 3 sg . gen - lk | suit |
| The teacher commended the student because of his suit. | ||||||
French
44
Status: main; causal marker: pour
| Le | professeur | a | compliment-é | l’ | enfant | pour | son | costume. |
| def . m | professor( m ) | have. prs .3 sg | compliment- ptcp . prf | def . m | child( m ) | for | poss .3 sg . m | suit( m ) |
| The professor complimented the child on his uniform. | ||||||||
German
44
Status: main; causal marker: fur ACC
| Der | Lehrer | lob-te | den | Schüler | für | sein-e | Kleidung. |
| def . nom | teacher( m )[ sg . nom ] | commend- pst .3 sg | def . acc | student( m )[ sg . acc ] | for | poss . refl - acc | clothes( f )[ sg . acc ] |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||||
Guro
44
Status: main; causal marker: wii
| lɛɛ́kɔlútí | tɔ́ | nɔ́ | nɛ́ | zàn | lɛ̀ | à | tà | sɔ | wiǐ |
| teacher | name | give\ pfv | child | resp | for | 3 sg . nsbj | on | clothes | because |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | |||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
44
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| guru | itu | memuji | siswa-nya | karena | jas-nya |
| teacher | that | praise | student- poss .3 | because | suit- poss .3 |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Italian
44
Status: main; causal marker: per
| l’ | insegnante | ha | fatto | i | complimenti | all’ | alunno | per | il | vestito |
| def . m . sg | teacher | have. prs .3 sg | make. pst . ptcp . m . sg | def . m . pl | compliment. pl | to. def . m . sg | student | for | def . m . sg | dress |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||||||||
Japanese
44
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Kyōshi-wa | seito-no | seifuku-o | home-ta. |
| teacher- top | student- gen | uniform- acc | commend- pst |
| The teacher commended the student for his uniform. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the caused event is not explicitly expressed. | |||
Karelian
44
Status: main; causal marker: EL
| učitel´ | hvali-i | školnika-n | hyva-s | kostyma-s |
| teacher | praise- pst | pupil- gen | good- | el costume- el |
| The teacher praised the student for a good suit. | ||||
Kazakh
44
Status: main; causal marker: NOM usin
| oqwšï-nï | muɣalim | kiyin1 | kostyum-i2 | üšin maqta-dï |
| student- acc | teacher. nom | suit1,2- poss .3 | for | be_proud- pst .3 sg |
| The teacher praised the student for his suit. | ||||
Khanty (Northern)
44
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| učitel-en | iśək-s-əλλe | ńawrɛm-əλ | λɵmətsuχ-λ-aλ | păta |
| teacher- poss .2 sg | commend- pst -3 sg > nsg | child- poss .3 sg | clothes- pl - poss .3 sg | for |
| The teacher commended the student for his uniform. | ||||
Khmer
44
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| neak1 | kruː2 | sɒsaɯ | koun | səh | daoj3 | saː4 | aːw | sɒː | dɒː | sˀaːt rɔbɒh viə |
| teacher1,2 | commend | child | student | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | shirt | white | attr | beautiful | poss | 3 |
| The teacher commended the schoolchild for his smart white shirt. | ||||||||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| neak1 | kruː2 | sɒsaɯ | koun | səh | daoj3 | saː4 | viə | peak | aːw | sɒː dɒː sˀaːt |
| teacher1,2 | commend | child | student | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | 3 | put_on | shirt | white | attr | beautiful |
| The teacher commended the schoolchild for he put on his smart white shirt. | ||||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||||
Khwarshi
44
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| učitel-i | c’aldoqab | ecic-ca | isu-lo | žawab-ƛ’o | sabałana |
| teacher- erg | student-? | [ i ]praise- aor | 3 sg . o - gen 2 | answer- super | because_of |
| The teacher praised the student for the answer. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | |||||
Kumyk
44
Status: main; causal marker: gen
| muallim | jaš-ny | maqʼta-d-y | gijin | ustju-ne |
| teacher | child- gen | praise- pst -3 sg | dressed | suit- gen |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | ||||
Latvian
44
Status: main; causal marker: par ACC
| Skolotāj-s | uzslavēj-a | skolēn-u | par | viņ-a | uzvalk-u. |
| teacher- nom . sg | praise. pst -3 | pupil- acc . sg | about | 3- sg . gen | suit- acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his uniform. | |||||
Lezgian
44
Status: main; causal marker: kiligna DAT
| ʔadan | kastjum-diz | kilig-na | muallim-di | ʔutʃenik-din | tarif-na |
| 3 s | suit. s - dat | see- aoc | teacher. s - erg | pupil. s - gen | honour- aor |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Lithuanian
44
Status: main; causal marker: uz ACC
| Mokytoj-as | pagyr-ė | mokin-į | už | jo | kostium-ą. |
| teacher( m )- nom . sg | praise- pst .3 | student( m )- acc . sg | for | he. gen | suit( m )- acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his uniform. | |||||
Moksha
44
Status: main; causal marker: CSL
| maša | šna-z'ə | daša-n' | dobraj | panar-ənksə |
| Мasha | praise- pst .3 sg . o .3 sg . s | d asha- gen | good | shirt- csl |
| Masha praised Dasha for her beautiful shirt. | ||||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
44
Status: main; causal marker: for
| Lærer-en | ros-te | eleven | for | klær-ne. |
| teacher- def . sg | praise- pst | pupil- def . sg | for | clothes- def . sg |
| The teacher praised the student for his costume. | ||||
Polish
44
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Nauczyciel | pochwali-ł | uczn-ia | za | jego | strój. |
| teacher[ nom . sg ] | praise- pst [ m . sg ] | pupil- acc . sg | for | his | suit[ acc . sg ] |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Russian
44
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Učitelʹ | poxvali-l | učenik-a | za | ego | kostjum. |
| teacher( m )[ nom . sg ] | commend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | pupil( m )- acc . sg | for | his | suit( m )[ acc . sg ] |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Serbian
44
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| učitelj | je | pohvali-o | kostim | učenik-a |
| teacher. nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | praise- pst . ptcp | costume. acc . sg | pupil- gen . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the caused event is not explicitly expressed. | ||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: zbog GEN
| učitelj | je | pohvali-o | učenik-a | zbog | njegov-og | kostim-a |
| teacher. nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | praise- pst . ptcp | pupil- gen . sg | prep | his- gen . m . sg | costume- gen . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||||
Shughni
44
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Molimā-i | az | rui | wi | talabā | kostum | wi | tārīf | čū-d. |
| teacher( m )-3 sg | el | caus | 3 sg . m . obl | student( m ) | suit( m ) | 3 sg . m . obl | praise | do- pst |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | ||||||||
Slovenian
44
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Učitelj | je | pohvali-l | učenčev-o | oblek-o. |
| teacher( m )[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | commend( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | pupil’s- f . acc . sg | suit( f )- acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student’s suit. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the caused event is not explicitly expressed. | ||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Učitelj | je | pohvali-l | učenc-a | zaradi oblek-e. |
| teacher( m )[ nom . sg ] | commend( pfv )- lpt [ m . sg ] | pupil( m )- acc . sg | because.of | suit( f )- acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | ||||
Spanish
44
Status: main; causal marker: por
| el | maestr-o | elogi-ó | al | alumno | por | su | traje |
| def . sg . m | professor-( m ). sg | praise- aor .3 sg | to. def . sg . m | student( m ). sg | because_of | poss .3 sg | costume( m ). sg |
| The professor complimented the student on his uniform. | |||||||
Swedish
44
Status: main; causal marker: for
| Lärare-n | beröm-de | elev-en | för | hans | kläder. |
| teacher- def . c . sg | praise- pst | student- def . c . sg | for | his | clothes |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Lärare-n | beröm-de | elev-en | för | att | han | klä-dde | sig | fin-t. |
| teacher- def . c . sg | praise- pst | student- def . c . sg | for | that | he. anim | dress- pst | refl | fine- def . n . sg |
| The teacher commended the student because he dressed well. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
Telugu
44
Status: main; causal marker: valla
| paṁtulu | atani | šiṣyuḍi-ni | ataḍi | baṭṭa-lu | valla | pogiḍ-āḍu. |
| teacher. sg | that_man. sg . obl | student. sg . obl - acc | that_man. sg . obl | cloth- pl | by | commend. pst -3 sg . m |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | ||||||
Udmurt (South)
44
Status: main; causal marker: ponna
| Dyš-et-iś | makta-z | dyš-et-sk-iś-ze | diś-ez | ponna. |
| learn- caus - ptcp . act | praise. pst -3 sg | learn- caus - detr - ptcp . act - acc .3 sg | clothes- p .3 sg | for |
| The teacher commended the student for his clothes. | ||||
Ukrainian
44
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Вчитель | похвали-в | учн-я | за | його | костюм. |
| teacher( m ). nom . sg | commend- pst . sg . m | student( m )- acc . sg | for | 3 sg . m . poss | suit( m ). acc . sg |
| The teacher commended the student for his suit. | |||||
Urdu
44
Status: main; causal marker: par
| ustād | ne | us-ke | sūṭ | pe | us-kī | tārīf | kī. |
| teacher( m ). sg . obl | ta | that. obl - adjz . m . sg . obl | suit( m ). sg . obl | on | that. obl - adjz . f | praise( f ). sg . dir | do. pfv . sg . f |
| The teacher commended him for his suit. | |||||||
44
Status: alternate; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ustād | ne | us-ke | sūṭ | kī | vajah | se | us-kī | tārīf | kī. |
| teacher( m ). sg . obl | ta | that. obl - adjz . m . sg . obl | suit( m ). sg . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | that. obl - adjz . f | praise( f ). sg . dir | do. pfv . sg . f |
| The teacher commended him because of his suit. | |||||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
44
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| iɣaːχtə-m | usuq-aː | iɣaʁjaqajuk | atɬəʁa-nəŋ |
| teacher- rel . sg | praise- ind . tr +3 sg .3 sg | pupil. abs . sg | ?- ins . pl |
| The teacher praised the student for the costume. | |||