Sentence no. 46 ⮭
English: The children fought
Type: ontological
Adyghe
46
Status: main; causal marker: paje
| mjačʼə-m | paje | sabəj-xe-r | ze-zewa-ʁe-x |
| ball- obl | because_of | child- pl - abs | rec . io -fight- pst - pl |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce
| mjačʼə-m | feṣ̂-č̣ʼe | sabəj-xe-r | ze-zewa-ʁe-x |
| ball- obl | for- ins | child- pl - abs | rec . io -fight- pst - pl |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Albanian
46
Status: main; causal marker: per ACC
| Fëmij-ët | u | grind-ën | për | top-in. |
| child- nom . pl . def . f | refl | argue- aor . inact .3 pl | for | ball- acc . sg . def . m |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||
Arabic
46
Status: main; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| taχaasʕam-a | l-ʔatʕfaal-u | bi=sabab-i | l-kurat-i |
| argue. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -child( m ). pl - nom | with=reason( m ). s - gen | def -ball( f ). s - gen |
| The children argued over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: dzaraa?a GEN
| tadʕaarab-a | l-ʔatʕfaal-u | dʒaraaʔ-a | l-kurat-i |
| fight. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -child( m ). pl - nom | consequence- acc | def -ball( f ). s - gen |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: galaa GEN
| tadʕaarab-a | l-ʔatʕfaal-u | ʕalaa | l-kurat-i |
| fight. pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -child( m ). pl - nom | on | def -ball( f ). s - gen |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Armenian (Eastern)
46
Status: main; causal marker: GEN/DAT hamar
| Gndak-i | hamar | erexa-ner-ə | kŕvec‘-in. |
| ball- gen / dat | for | child- pl - def | fight- aor .3 pl |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN patcarov
| Gndak-i | patčaŕ-ov | erexa-ner-ə | kŕvec‘-in. |
| ball- gen | cause- ins | child- pl - def | fight- aor .3 pl |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
46
Status: main; causal marker: but
| ya1 | súrə2 | +ṗlíš=əna | ka | but gútta |
| child. pl 1,2 | fight. res . pl =3 pl | to | about | ball( f ) |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||
Basque
46
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Ume-e-k | baloi-a-gatik | borroka | egi-n | zuten. |
| child- pl - erg | ball- sg - mot | fight | do- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 pl |
| The children fought because of the ball. | ||||
Belarusian
46
Status: main; causal marker: z-za GEN
| dzec-i | pabi-l-i-sja | z-za | mjač-a |
| child- nom . pl | fight- pst - pl - refl | prep | ball- gen . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| dzec-i | pabi-l-i-sja | praz | mjač |
| child- nom . pl | fight- pst - pl - refl | prep | ball[ acc . sg ] |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Catalan
46
Status: main; causal marker: per
| Els | nen-s | es | barall-aven | per | la | pilot-a. |
| def . pl . m | child( m )- pl | refl | fight- ipfv .3 pl | for | def . sg . f | ball( f )- sg |
| The children were fighting over a ball. | ||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
46
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| zhèxiē | háizǐ | yīnwéi | zhēngduó | qiú | ér | dǎjià |
| these | child | because | contend_for | ball | and | scuffle |
| The children fought because of a ball. | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
46
Status: main; causal marker: CSL
| aʨa-zam | mʲaʨ-ʂən | ɕabəɕ-sa |
| child- pl | ball- csl | fight- cv _ sim |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||
English
46
Status: main; causal marker: over
| The children fought over the ball. |
| The children fought over the ball. |
Erzya
46
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| èjkakš-tne | turgad-stʲ | oska-ntʲ | kuvalma |
| child- pl . def | fight- pst .3 pl | ball- gen . def | from |
| The kids fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| èjkakš-ne | tуre-zev-stʲ | pуša-stʲ | kisè |
| child- pl | fight- inch - pst .3 pl | ball- gen . def | because_of |
| The kids fought over the ball. | |||
Filipino
46
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| Nag-áway | ang=mga=bátaˀ | dáhil | sa | bóla. |
| av . pfv -quarrel | nom = pl =child | because | obl | ball |
| The children quarrelled because of the ball. | ||||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| P<in>ag-awáy-an=ng | mga=bátaˀ | ang=bóla. |
| pv < pfv >-quarrel- recp = gen | pl =child | nom =ball |
| The children quarrelled about the ball. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expected causal noun phrase is expressed as the grammatical subject. | ||
French
46
Status: main; causal marker: pour
| Les | enfant-s | se | sont | battu-s | pour | un | ballon. |
| def . pl | child( m )- pl | refl .3 | be. prs .3 pl | beat. ptcp . prf - pl | for | indef . m | ball( m ) |
| The children fought over a ball. | |||||||
German
46
Status: main; causal marker: um ACC
| Die | Kind-er | strit-ten | um | den | Ball. |
| def . nom | child( n )- pl . nom | fight- pst .3 pl | around | def . acc | ball( m )[ sg . nom ] |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||||
Guro
46
Status: main; causal marker: le wi ma
| nunù | gùlì | dǎn | wó | cɩ | và | bà'nɔ̂ | dʋ | le | wɩ́ | ma |
| child. pl | fight | sell\ pfv | 3 pl . refl | recp | at | ball | indf | poss | affair | on |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
46
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| anak-anak | itu | bertengkar | karena | bola |
| children | that | fight | because | ball |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||
Italian
46
Status: main; causal marker: per
| i | bambini | hanno | litigato | per | la | palla |
| def . m . pl | child. pl | have. prs .3 pl | fight. pst . ptcp . m . sg | for | def . f . sg | ball |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||||
Japanese
46
Status: main; causal marker: ACC megutte
| Kodomo-tachi-wa | bōru-o | megutte | kenka-sh-ita. |
| child- pl - top | ball- acc | over | fight- vblz - pst |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN koto-de
| Kodomo-tachi-wa | bōru-no | koto-de | kenka-sh-ita. |
| child- pl - top | ball- gen | matter- ins | fight- vblz - pst |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Karelian
46
Status: main; causal marker: tahte GEN
| lapse-d | toragat-i | miaču-n | tähte |
| child- pl | fight- pst | ball- gen | because_of |
| The kids fought over the ball. | |||
Kazakh
46
Status: main; causal marker: NOM usin
| bala-lar | dop | üšin | talas-ïp | qal-dï |
| child- pl . nom | ball. nom | for | fight- cvb | stay- pst .3 sg |
| The kids fought over the ball. | ||||
Khanty (Northern)
46
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| ńawrɛm-ət | mačuk-eλ | păta | kʉla1 pit2-s-ət |
| child- pl | ball- poss .3 sg | for | start_to_fight1,2- pst -3 pl |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
Khmer
46
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| koun | kmeːŋ | piː | neak | vaːj | kniə | daoj1 | saː2 | leːŋ bal3 tɔat4 |
| child | little | two | clf | hit | rec | daoj _ sa ː1,2 | play | football3,4 |
| Two boys fought because of playing football. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | ||||||||
Khwarshi
46
Status: main; causal marker: SUPER ATR
| q’ale | b-ejša | igruška-ƛ’o-sa |
| children | hpl -fight\ aor | toy- super - atr |
| The children fought over the toy. | ||
Kumyk
46
Status: main; causal marker: uchun
| jaš-lar | top | učun' kyryl-d-y |
| child- pl | ball | because_of |
| The kids fought over the ball. | ||
Latvian
46
Status: main; causal marker: par ACC
| Bērn-i | sakāv-ā-s | par | bumb-u. |
| child- nom . pl | fight. pst - a - rfl | about | ball- acc . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN del
| Bērn-i | sakāv-ā-s | bumb-as | dēļ. |
| child- nom . pl | fight. pst - a - rfl | ball- gen . sg | because.of |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
Lezgian
46
Status: main; causal marker: kiligna DAT
| tupun-iz | kilig-na | ʔajal-ar-∅ | kkʔa-na |
| ball. s - dat | see- aoc | child- pl - abs | fight- aor |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Lithuanian
46
Status: main; causal marker: del GEN
| Vaik-ai | susimuš-ė | dėl | kamuoli-o. |
| child( m )- nom . pl | have_a_fight- pst .3 | because_of | ball( m )- gen . sg |
| The children fought because of a ball. | |||
Moksha
46
Status: main; causal marker: CSL
| it'-t'n'ə | t'ur'-s'-t' | top-ənksə |
| child- def . pl | fight- pst .3- pl | ball- csl |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: inksa GEN
| it'-t'n'ə | t'ur'-s'-t'top-t' | inksə |
| child- def . pl | fight- pst .3- pl | ball- def . sg . gen because_of |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
46
Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av
| Barn-a | begyn-te | å | slåss | på | grunn | av | ball-en. |
| child- def . pl | start- pst | inf | fight | on | soil | from | ball- def . sg |
| The kids fought over the ball. | |||||||
Polish
46
Status: main; causal marker: o ACC
| Dziec-i | pobi-ł-y | się | o | piłk-ę. |
| child- nom . pl | beat- pst - nvir . pl | refl | about | ball- acc . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | ||||
Russian
46
Status: main; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Det-i | podra-l-i-sʹ | iz-za | mjač-a. |
| children- nom . pl | fight( pfv )- pst - pl - refl | out.of-behind | ball( m )- gen . sg |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: za ACC
| Det-i | podra-l-i-sʹ | za | mjač. |
| children- nom . pl | fight( pfv )- pst - pl - refl | for | ball( m )[ acc . sg ] |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Serbian
46
Status: main; causal marker: zbog GEN
| dec-a | su | se | pobi-l-a | zbog | lopt-e |
| children- nom . sg | be. prs .3 pl | refl | fight- pst . ptcp - f . sg | prep | ball- gen . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||||
Shughni
46
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Wa | kudak-en=en | az | rui | půt | δêd1 su-t2. |
| dem . pl | child- pl =3 pl | el | caus | ball | fight1,2- pst |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||||
Slovenian
46
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Otroc-i | so | se | krega-l-i | za | žog-o. |
| child( m )- nom . pl | aux .3 pl | refl | fight( ipfv )- lpt - m . pl | for | ball( f )- acc . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Otroc-i | so | se | krega-l-i | zaradi | žog-e. |
| child( m )- nom . pl | aux .3 pl | refl | fight( ipfv )- lpt - m . pl | because.of | ball( f )- gen . sg |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||||
Spanish
46
Status: main; causal marker: por
| los | niño-s | luch-aron | por | el | balón |
| def . pl . m | child( m )- pl | fight- aor .3 pl | because_of | indf . sg . m | ball( m )- sg |
| The children were fighting over a ball. | |||||
Swedish
46
Status: main; causal marker: om
| Barn-en | bråka-de | om | boll-en. |
| child- def . n . pl | argue- pst | about | ball- def . c . sg |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Telugu
46
Status: main; causal marker: pai
| pilla-lu | banti | pai | goḍavapaḍḍ-āru. |
| child- pl | ball. sg . obl | over | quarrel. pst -3 pl . epic |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
46
Status: alternate; causal marker: kosam
| pilla-lu | banti | kōsam | goḍavapaḍḍ-āru. |
| child- pl | ball. sg . obl | for | quarrel. pst -3 pl . epic |
| The children fought for the ball. | |||
Udmurt (South)
46
Status: main; causal marker: ponna
| Pinal-jos | žug-iśk-i-z-ə̑ | tup | ponna. |
| child- pl | beat- detr - pst -3- pl | ball | for |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
Ukrainian
46
Status: main; causal marker: za ACC
| Діт-и | поби-л-и-ся | за | м'яч. |
| child( f )- nom . pl | have_a_fight- pst - pl - refl | for | ball( m ). acc . sg |
| The children fought because of the ball. | |||
Urdu
46
Status: main; causal marker: ke piche
| bacc-e | bʌl | ke | pīche | laṛ | paṛ-e. |
| child( m )- pl . dir | ball( m ). sg . obl | adjz . m . sg . obl | after | fight | fall. pfv - m . pl |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||||
Yupik (Siberian)
46
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| taʁnuχa-t | piɬuɣ-ut-u-t | aŋqa-məŋ | apaɬa-ɬu-təŋ |
| child- abs . pl | fight- appl - ind . intr -3 pl | ball- ins . sg | cause- cv -3 pl . ds |
| The children fought over the ball. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | |||