Sentence no. 48 ⮭
English: The woman bought the book
Type: ontological
Adyghe
48
Status: main; causal marker: paje
| bzəλfəʁe-m | txəλə-r | swəret-xe-m | paje | q-ə-šʼefə-ʁ |
| woman- obl | book- abs | drawing- pl - obl | because_of | csl -3 sg . erg -buy- pst |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | ||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| bzəλfəʁe-m | txəλə-r | qə-č̣ʼ-jə-šʼefə-ʁe-r | swəret-xe-r | arə |
| woman- obl | book- abs | csl - rsn -3 sg . erg -buy- pst - abs | drawing- pl - abs | cop |
| The reason the woman bought the book was the drawings. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | ||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: fesce
| bzəλfəʁe-m | txəλə-r | swəret-xe-m | feṣ̂-(č̣ʼe) | q-ə-šʼefə-ʁ |
| woman- obl | book- abs | drawing- pl - obl | for- ins | csl -3 sg . erg -buy- pst |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | ||||
Albanian
48
Status: main; causal marker: per shkak te GEN
| Grua-ja | e | ble-u | libr-in | për | shkak | të | fotografi-ve. |
| woman- nom . sg . def . f | acc .3 sg | buy- aor .3 sg | book- acc . sg . def . m | for | reason. acc . sg . indf . m | art | photo- gen . pl . f |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
Arabic
48
Status: main; causal marker: bi sababi GEN
| ʔiʃtar-ati | l-marʔat-u | haaðaa | l-kitaab-a | bi=sabab-i | r-rusuum-i |
| buy. pst . pfv -3 s . f | def -woman( f ). s - nom | this | def -book( m ). s - gen | wiht=reason( m ). s - gen | def -drawing. pl - gen |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Armenian (Eastern)
48
Status: main; causal marker: GEN/DAT hamar
| Kin- | ə | gn-el=ē | ays | girk‘-ə | nkar-ner-i hamar. |
| woman- def | buy- ptcp _ pf =be. prs .3 sg | this | book- def | picture- pl - gen / dat | for |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
48
Status: main; causal marker: but
| báxta | zvə́n-na | ctáva | ka | but | šapírə | šə́clə |
| woman( f ) | buy. pst - ls .3 f | book( m ) | to | about | beautiful. pl | picture( m ). pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the beautiful pictures. | ||||||
Basque
48
Status: main; causal marker: MOT
| Emakume-a-k | marrazki-engatik | eros-i | zuen | liburu-a. |
| woman- sg - erg | picture[ pl ]- mot | buy- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 sg | book- sg [ abs ] |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||
Belarusian
48
Status: main; causal marker: z-za GEN
| žančyn-a | kupi-l-a | gèt-u-ju | knig-u | z-za | maljunk-aŭ |
| woman- nom . sg | buy- pst - sg . f | this- acc . sg . f | book- acc . sg | prep | picture- gen . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: praz ACC
| žančyn-a | kupi-l-a | gèt-u-ju | knig-u | praz | maljunk-i |
| woman- nom . sg | buy- pst - sg . f | this- acc . sg . f | book- acc . sg | prep | picture- acc . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Catalan
48
Status: main; causal marker: per
| La | don-a | va | compr-ar | el | llibre | per | les | imatge-s. |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | go. prs .3 sg | buy- inf | def . sg . m | book( m ). sg | for | def . pl . f | picture( f )- pl |
| The woman bought the book for the drawings. | ||||||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
48
Status: main; causal marker: yinwei er
| zhègè | nǚrén | yīnwéi | chātú | ér | gòumǎi-le | zhèběn | shū |
| this | woman | because | illustration | and | buy- pfv | this. clf | book |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
48
Status: main; causal marker: pergi
| xërarəm | ku | gënege-je | kartinka-zam | bergi | il-ze |
| woman | this | book- obj | drawing- pl | post | take- cv _ sim |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
English
48
Status: main; causal marker: because of
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. |
Erzya
48
Status: main; causal marker: kuvalma GEN
| ava-sʲ | ram-ize | te | kniga-ntʲ | artovkso-nʲ | kuvalma |
| woman- nom . def | buy- pst .3. o .3 sg . s | this | book- gen . def | drawing- gen | out |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | |||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: kise GEN
| ava-sʲ | ram-izi | te | kinižka-stʲ | risуnka-tne-nʲ | kisè |
| woman- nom . def | buy- pst .3. o .3 sg .s | this | book- gen . def | drawing- pl . def - gen | because_of |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | |||||
Filipino
48
Status: main; causal marker: dahil sa
| B<in>ilí=ng | babáe | ang=libró | dáhil | sa | mga=laráwan. |
| < pv . pfv >buy= gen | woman | nom =book | because | obl | pl =picture |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
French
48
Status: main; causal marker: pour
| La | femme | a | achet-é | ce | livre | pour | les | dessin-s. |
| def . f | woman( f ) | have. prs .3 sg | buy- ptcp . prf | this. m | book( m ) | for | def . pl | drawing( m )- pl |
| The woman bought the book for the drawings. | ||||||||
German
48
Status: main; causal marker: wegen GEN
| Die | Frau | kauf-te | das | Buch | wegen | des | Bild-es |
| def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | buy- pst .3 sg | def . acc | book( n )[ sg . acc ] | because_of | def . gen picture( n )- sg . gen | |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: wegen DAT
| Die | Frau | kauf-te | das | Buch | wegen | dem | Bild. |
| def . nom | woman( f )[ sg . nom ] | buy- pst .3 sg | def . acc | book( n )[ sg . acc ] | because_of | def . dat | picture( n )[ sg . dat ] |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
Guro
48
Status: main; causal marker: wii
| lɩ | zàn | sɛ́bhɛ̂ | pá | kʋ́ | lɔ́ | à | jǐ | nyɔɔ | wiǐ |
| woman | resp | paper | put.into\ pfv | this | buy\ pfv | 3 sg . nsbj | in | pattern | because |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
48
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| wanita | itu | membeli | buku | karena | gambar-nya |
| woman | that | buy | book | because | picture- poss .3 |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Italian
48
Status: main; causal marker: per
| la | donna | ha | comprato | questo | libro | per | i | disegni |
| def . f . sg | woman | have. prs .3 sg | buy. pst . ptcp . m . sg | this. m . sg | book | for | def . m . pl | drawing. pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||||
Japanese
48
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Josei-wa | e-ni | hik-are-te | sono | hon-o | kat-ta. |
| woman- top | picture- dat | attract- pass - cvb | this | book- acc | buy- pst |
| The woman bought the book [because she was] attracted by the pictures. | |||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN tame-ni
| Josei-wa | shashin-no | tame-ni | sono | hon-o | kōnyū-sh-ita. |
| woman- top | photo- gen | sake- dat | this | book- acc | purchase- vblz - pst |
| The woman bought the book for the sake of the photos. | |||||
Karelian
48
Status: main; causal marker: perad GEN
| akk | ost-i | tämä-n | kinga-n | pirdusii-n | perad |
| woman | buy- pst | this- gen | book- gen | drawing- gen | because_of |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | |||||
Kazakh
48
Status: main; causal marker: NOM usin
| äyel1 | adam2 | mïnaw | kitap-tï | iši-nde-gi | süret-ter | üšin | sat-ïp al-dï |
| woman1,2. nom | this | book- acc | inside- loc - adj | picture- pl | for | buy- cvb | take- pst .3 sg |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
Khanty (Northern)
48
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| imi | tăm | kinška-jəλ | χur-λ-aλ | păta | λɵt-s-əλλe |
| woman | this | book- poss .3 sg | picture- pl - poss .3 sg | for | buy- pst -3 sg > nsg |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Khmer
48
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| kɔat | tɯɲ | siəw1 | phɤw2 | nih | daoj3 | saː4 | kʊmnuː lˀɒː lˀɒː |
| 3 | buy | book1,2 | this | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | picture | good | good |
| He bought this book because of beautiful pictures. | |||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| kɔat | tɨɲ | siəw1 | phɤw2 | nih | daoj3 | saː4 | miən | kʊmnuː lˀɒː lˀɒː |
| 3 | buy | book1,2 | this | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | have | picture | good | good |
| He bought this book because of beautiful pictures. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| kɔat | tɨɲ | siəw1 | phɤw2 | nih | prʊəh3 | tae4 | miən | kʊmnuː lˀɒː lˀɒː |
| 3 | buy | book1,2 | this | pr ƱƏ h _ tae 3,4 | have | picture | good | good |
| He bought this book because of beautiful pictures. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| kɔat | tɨɲ | siəw1 | phɤw2 | nih | prʊəh | miən | kʊmnuː | lˀɒː lˀɒː |
| 3 | buy | book1,2 | this | pr ƱƏ h | have | picture | good | good |
| He bought this book because of beautiful pictures. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| kɔat | tɨɲ | siəw1 | phɤw2 | nih | maok3 | piː4 | miən | kʊmnuː lˀɒː lˀɒː |
| 3 | buy | book1,2 | this | maok _ pi ː3,4 | have | picture | good | good |
| He bought this book because of beautiful pictures. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
Khwarshi
48
Status: main; causal marker: SUPER ATR
| ʁina | b-ej-za | abdu | hĩše | surake-za-ƛ’o-sa |
| woman | iii -buy\ aor | dem . prox | book | picture- pl . o - super - atr |
| The woman bought this book because of the pictures. | ||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: sabalana
| iłi | ʁina | žu | l-ejza | gange-ba | sabałana |
| dem | woman. erg | dem | iv -buy\ aor | flower- pl - atr | from |
| The woman bought it because of the flowers. | |||||
Kumyk
48
Status: main; causal marker: uchun
| qʼatyn | kitap-ny | al-dy | curat-la-ny | učun |
| woman1,2 | book- gen | take- pst | drawing- pl - gen | because_of |
| The woman bought this book because of the drawings. | ||||
Latvian
48
Status: main; causal marker: GEN del
| Sieviet-e | nopirk-a | š-o | grāmat-u | t-ās | zīmējum-u | dēļ. |
| woman- nom . sg | buy. pst -3 | this- acc . sg | book- acc . sg | this- gen . sg . f | picture- gen . pl | because.of |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
Lezgian
48
Status: main; causal marker: kiligna DAT
| diʃehli-di | ʔi | ktab-∅ | ʃikil-r-iz | kilig-na | qatʃu-na |
| woman. s - erg | this | book. s - abs | drawing- pl - dat | see- aoc | take- aor |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Lithuanian
48
Status: main; causal marker: del GEN
| Moter-is | nusipirk-o | knyg-ą | dėl | piešini-ų. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | buy_for_oneself- pst .3 | book( f )- acc . sg | because_of | picture( m )- gen . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||
Moksha
48
Status: main; causal marker: inksa GEN
| ava-s' | rama-z'ə | t'ɛ | kniga-t' | risunka-t'n'ə-n' | inksə |
| woman- def . sg | buy- pst .3 sg . o .3 sg . s | this | book- def . sg . gen | drawing- def . pl - gen | because_of |
| The woman bought this book because of the illustrations. | |||||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
48
Status: main; causal marker: pa grunn av
| Kvinnen | kjøp-te | bok-a | på | grunn | av | tegning-ene | i | den. |
| woman- def . sg | buy- pst | book- def . sg | on | soil | from | picture- def . pl | on | 3 sg . m |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||||
Polish
48
Status: main; causal marker: ze wzgledu na ACC
| Kobiet-a | kupi-ł-a | książk-ę | ze | wzgled-u | na | obrazk-i. |
| woman- nom . sg | buy- pst - f . sg | book- acc . sg | from2 | consideration- gen . sg | on | picture- acc . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
Russian
48
Status: main; causal marker: iz-za GEN
| Ženščin-a | kupi-l-a | èt-u | knig-u | iz-za | kartinok. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | buy( pfv )- pst - f . sg | this- f . acc . sg | book( f )- acc . sg | out.of-behind | picture( f )[ gen . sg ] |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Serbian
48
Status: main; causal marker: zbog GEN
| žen-a | je | kupi-l-a | t-u | knjig-u | zbog | crtež-a |
| woman- nom . sg | be. prs .3 sg | buy- pst . ptcp - f . sg | that- acc . f . sg | book- acc . sg | prep | drawing- gen . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
Shughni
48
Status: main; causal marker: az rui
| Yā | ɣ̌inik=i | az | rui | wi | sūrat-en | wam | kitob | zox̌-t. |
| dem 3. f . sg | woman( f )=3 sg | el | caus | 3 sg . m . obl | appearance-3 pl | dem .3 f . sg . obl | book( f ) | buy- pst |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||||
Slovenian
48
Status: main; causal marker: zaradi GEN
| Žensk-a | je | kupi-l-a | knjig-o | zaradi | slik. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | aux .3 sg | buy( pfv )- lpt - f . sg | book( f )- acc . sg | because.of | picture( f )[ gen . pl ] |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Spanish
48
Status: main; causal marker: por
| la | mujer | compr-ó | el | libro | por | las | foto-s |
| def . sg . f | woman( f )- sg | buy- aor .3 sg | def . sg . m | book( m ). sg | because_of | def . pl . f | picture( f )- pl |
| The woman bought the book for the drawings. | |||||||
Swedish
48
Status: main; causal marker: pa grund av
| Kvinna-n | köp-te | bok-en | på | grund | av | bild-erna. |
| woman- def . c . sg | buy- pst | book- def . c . sg | on | ground | of | picture- def . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
48
Status: alternate; causal marker: n.a.
| Kvinna-n | köp-te | bok-en | för | att | bild-erna | var | så | fin-a. |
| woman- def . c . sg | buy- pst | book- def . c . sg | for | that | picture- def . pl | be. pst | so | fine- pl |
| The woman bought the book because the pictures were nice. | ||||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||||
Telugu
48
Status: main; causal marker: kosam
| āviḍa | ā | pustakānni | bomma-la | kōsaṁ | koni-ṁdi. |
| that_woman. sg | that | book. sg . acc | picture- pl . obl | for | take. pst -3 sg . nm |
| The woman bought the book for its pictures. | |||||
Udmurt (South)
48
Status: main; causal marker: ponna
| Kyšnomurt | baśt-i-z | so | kńiga-jez | sured-jos-yz | ponna. |
| woman | buy- pst -3( sg ) | that | book- acc . sg | picture- pl - p .3 sg | for |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||
Ukrainian
48
Status: main; causal marker: cerez ACC
| Жінк-а | купи-л-а | ц-ю | книг-у | через | красив-і | малюнк-и. |
| woman( f )- nom . sg | buy- pst - sg . f | this- acc . sg . f | book( f )- acc . sg | through | beautiful- acc . pl | drawing( m )- acc . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | ||||||
Urdu
48
Status: main; causal marker: ki vajah se
| ɔrat | ne | tasvīr-oṁ | kī | vajah | se | kitāb | xarīd-ī. |
| woman( f ). sg . obl | ta | picture( f )- pl . obl | adjz . f | reason( f ). sg . obl | from | book( f ). sg . dir | buy. pst - sg . f |
| The woman bought the book because of the pictures. | |||||||
Yupik (Siberian)
48
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| aʁna-m | tukfi-m-aː | iɣaq | tana | narisuɣiːka-nəŋ |
| woman- rel . sg | buy- pst - ind . tr +3 sg .3 sg | book. abs . sg | dem . abs . sg | picture- ins . pl |
| The woman bought the book because of the drawings. | ||||