Sentence no. 5 ⮭
English: The man was arrested
Type: ontological
Adyghe
5
Status: main; causal marker: INS
| xewəqʷenəʁe-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-r | a-wəbətə-ʁ |
| error- ins | man- abs | 3 pl . erg -grab- pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: paje
| xewəqʷenəʁe-m | paje | λ̣ə-r | a-wəbətə-ʁ |
| error- obl | because_of | man- abs | 3 pl . erg -grab- pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecace
| xewəqʷenəʁe-m | qə-xe-č̣ʼə-č̣ʼe | λ̣ə-r | a-wəbətə-ʁ |
| error- obl | csl - loc -go_out- ins | man- abs | 3 pl . erg -grab- pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: qaxecew
| xewəqʷenəʁe-m | qə-xe-č̣ʼ-ew | λ̣ə-r | a-wəbətə-ʁ |
| error- obl | csl - loc -go_out- adv | man- abs | 3 pl . erg -grab- pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: apq qjacew
| xewəqʷenəʁe-m | ə-pq | q-jə-č̣ʼ-ew | λ̣ə-r | a-wəbətə-ʁ |
| error- obl | 3 sg . pr -flesh | csl - loc -go_out- adv | man- abs | 3 pl . erg -grab- pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
Albanian
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Burr-i | u | arrestua | gabimisht. |
| man- nom . sg . def . m | refl | arrest. aor . inact .3 sg | erroneously |
| The man was arrested erroneously. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | |||
Arabic
5
Status: main; causal marker: bi GEN
| ʔuʕtuqil-a | r-radʒul-u | bi=l-χatʕaʔ-i |
| arrest. pass . pst . pfv -3 s . m . | def -man( m ). s - nom | with= def -mistake( m ). s - gen |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: ACC
| ʔulqij-a | l-qabdʕ-u | ʕalaa | r-radʒul-i | χatʕaʔ-an |
| throw. pass . pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -arrest( m ). s - nom | on | def -man( m ). s - gen | mistake( m ). s - acc . indef |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: gan GEN
| sudʒin-a | r-radʒul-u | ʕan | χatʕaʔ-i-n |
| imprison. pass . pst . pfv -3 s . m | def -man( m ). s - nom | from | mistake( m ). s - gen . indef |
| The man was imprisoned by mistake. | |||
Armenian (Eastern)
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Tġamard-ə | sxalmamb=ē | kalanavorv-el. |
| man- def | by_mistake=be. prs .3 sg | arrest: med - ptcp _ pf |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
5
Status: main; causal marker: bi
| náša | dvə́k-lun | bi | +xə́lṭa |
| man( m ) | seize. pst - ls .3 pl | with | mistake( m ) |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
Basque
5
Status: main; causal marker: GEN ondorioz
| Gizon-a | akats | bat-en | ondorio-z | atxilo-tu | zuten. |
| man- sg [ abs ] | mistake | one- gen | result- ins | arrest- pfv | aux . pst . abs 3 sg . erg 3 pl |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Belarusian
5
Status: main; causal marker: praz ACC
| mužčyn-u | aryštava-l-i | praz | pamylk-u |
| man- acc . sg | arrest- pst - pl | prep | mistake- acc . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: z-za GEN
| mužčyn-u | aryštava-l-i | z-za | pamylk-i |
| man- acc . sg | arrest- pst - pl | prep | mistake- gen . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
Catalan
5
Status: main; causal marker: per
| Van | deten-ir | l' | home | per | error. |
| go. prs .3 pl | detain- inf | def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | for | mistake( m ). sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Chinese (Mandarin)
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| zhège | nánrén | bèi | wù | zhuā-le |
| this | man | pass | wrongly | catch- pfv |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causative meaning is expressed in the predicate. | ||||
Chuvash (Maloe Karachkino)
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| arʑɨn-a | jənəʂ | aristle-ze |
| man- obj | mistake | arrest- cv _ sim |
| The man was arrested mistakenly. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
English
5
Status: main; causal marker: by
| The man was arrested by mistake. |
| The man was arrested by mistake. |
Erzya
5
Status: main; causal marker: vidga GEN
| cera-stʲ | ozavt-ɨ-zʲ | ilʲvedevksè-nʲ | vidʲga |
| man- nom . def | arrest- prs .3 sg - ptcp . pst | error- gen | on |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
Filipino
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| In-arésto | ang=laláki | dáhil | napagka-mál[iˀ]-an. |
| pv . pfv -arrest | nom =man | because | pv . pfv . mod -mistake- recp |
| The man was arrested because [it was] misunderstood. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | |||
French
5
Status: main; causal marker: par
| L’ | homme | a | été | arrêt-é | par | erreur. |
| def . m | man( m ) | have. prs .3 sg | be. ptcp . prf | stop- ptcp . prf . m | by | mistake( f ) |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||||
German
5
Status: main; causal marker: aus DAT
| Der | Mann | wurde | aus | Versehen | verhaftet. |
| def . nom | man( m )[ sg . nom ] | become. pst .3 sg | from | oversight( n )[ sg . dat ] | arrested. |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Guro
5
Status: main; causal marker: wii
| wò | saán | ye | wò | gɔnɛ | zàn | kún | à | tɔ́ | wíǐ |
| 3 pl | lose\ pfv | then | 3 pl | male | resp | grab\ pfv | 3 sg . nsbj | name | because |
| They made a mistake and arrested a man because of his name. | |||||||||
Indonesian (Standard)
5
Status: main; causal marker: karena
| laki-laki | itu | ditangkap | karena | kesalahan |
| man | that | arrested | because | mistake |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
Italian
5
Status: main; causal marker: per
| hanno | arrestato | l’ | uomo | per | errore |
| have. prs .3 pl | arrest. pst . ptcp . m . sg | def . m . sg | man | for | mistake |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Japanese
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Dansei-wa | machigatte | taiho-s-are-ta. |
| man- top | mistakenly | arrest- vblz - pass - pst |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a noun phrase. | ||
Karelian
5
Status: main; causal marker: EL
| mužika-n | aristui-ti-he | ošibka-s |
| man- gen | arrest-3 pl . pst -3 pl | mistake- el |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
Kazakh
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| keybir | adam-dï | durïs | emes | sebep-ter-den | tutqïn-ɣa | al-dï |
| some | person- acc | correct | neg 2 | cause- pl - abl | prison- dat | take- pst .3 sg |
| A man was taken to prison because of a mistake (because of a wrong reason) | ||||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||||||
Khanty (Northern)
5
Status: main; causal marker: pata
| tăm | ikɛ-n | katəλ-s-a | juwra | wɛr | păta |
| this | man- poss .2 sg | catch- pst - pass | wrong | matter | for |
| The man was arrested because of a mistake. | |||||
Khmer
5
Status: main; causal marker: daoj sa
| boʔrɒh | nih | trəw | coap1 | kuk2 | daoj3 | saː4 | kɒmhoh rɔbɒh poulih |
| man | this | pass | put_in_prison1,2 | daoj _ sa ː3,4 | mistake | poss | police |
| The man was put in prison by the mistake of the police. | |||||||
Khwarshi
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| žu | ak’-aχ-na | ʕajib | gobič’u |
| dark- vblz - msd - poss - abl | go- caus - evd | guilt | without |
| He was taken away without guilt. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the noun phrase used in the nominal causal construction semantically deviates from the one intended by the stimulus sentence. | |||
Kumyk
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| er1 | giši-ni2 | bilmejli tut-up-lar |
| man- gen 1,2 | blindly | take- cv _ perf - pl |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
Latvian
5
Status: main; causal marker: aiz GEN
| Vīriet-i | arestēj-a | aiz | pārskatī-šan-ās. |
| man- acc . sg | arrest. pst -3 | behind | err- nmlz - gen . sg - rfl |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: GEN del
| Vīriet-i | arestēj-a | kļūd-as | dēļ. |
| man- acc . sg | arrest. pst -3 | mistake- gen . sg | because.of |
| The man was arrested because of a mistake. | |||
Lezgian
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| ɣalatʔ-∅ | xa-na | ʔitim-∅ | dustaɣ | ʔawu-na |
| mistake. s - abs | become- aoc | man. s - abs | prison | make- aor |
| There was a mistake and a man went to prison. | ||||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the expression corresponding to the causing event is not a syntactic dependent of the expression corresponding to the caused event. | ||||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: SRDIR
| ɣalatʔd-aldi | ʔitim-∅ | dustaɣ | ʔawu-na |
| mistake. s - srdir | man. s - abs | prison | make- aor |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
Lithuanian
5
Status: main; causal marker: per ACC
| Žmog-ų | suėm-ė | per | klaid-ą. |
| person( m )- acc . sg | arrest- pst .3 | through | mistake( f )- acc . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: del GEN
| Žmog-ų | suėm-ė | dėl | klaid-os. |
| person( m )- acc . sg | arrest- pst .3 | because_of | mistake( f )- gen . sg |
| The man was arrested because of a mistake. | |||
Moksha
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| al'ɛ-t' | pɛksta-z' | ɛl'bɛd'-əm-ga |
| man- def . sg . gen | close- pst .3. o .3 pl . s | make_mistakes- inf - prol |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as a dependent clause, not a noun phrase. | ||
Norwegian (Bokmål)
5
Status: main; causal marker: ved
| Mann-en | ble | arrester-t | ved | en | feil. |
| man- def . sg | be | arrest- pst . ptcp | from | indf . sg . m | mistake |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Polish
5
Status: main; causal marker: przez ACC
| Aresztowa-no | go | przez | pomyłk-ę. |
| arrest- pass . imps | he. acc | through | mistake- acc . sg |
| He was arrested by mistake. | |||
Russian
5
Status: main; causal marker: po DAT
| Mužčin-a | by-l | arestova-n | po | ošibk-e. |
| man( m )- nom . sg | be- pst [ m . sg ] | arrest( pfv )- ptcp . pst . pass [ pred . m . sg ] | by | mistake( f )- dat . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
Serbian
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| muškarc-a | su | uhapsi-l-i | grešk-om |
| man- acc . sg | be. prs .3 pl | arrest- pst . ptcp - m . pl | mistake- ins . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | |||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: po DAT
| muškarc-a | su | uhapsi-l-i | po | grešc-i |
| man- acc . sg | be. prs .3 pl | arrest- pst . ptcp - m . pl | prep | mistake- dat . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
5
Status: alternate; causal marker: zbog GEN
| muškarc-a | su | uhapsi-l-i | zbog | grešk-e | [u | poternic-i] |
| man- acc . sg | be. prs .3 pl | arrest- pst . ptcp - m . pl | prep | mistake- gen . sg | [ prep | wanted_list- loc . sg ] |
| The man was arrested because of a mistake in the wanted list. | ||||||
Shughni
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Wi | čorik=en | podstavit | čū-d. |
| 3 sg . m . obl | man=3 pl | quit_on | do- pst |
| This man was wrong-footed. | |||
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. | |||
Slovenian
5
Status: main; causal marker: po LOC
| Aretira-l-i | so | človek-a | po | pomot-i. |
| arrest( pfv )- lpt - m . pl | aux .3 pl | man( m )- acc . sg | after | mistake( f )- loc . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||||
Spanish
5
Status: main; causal marker: por
| el | hombre | fue | arrest-ado | por | error |
| def . sg . m | man( m ). sg | be. aor .3 sg | detain- part . past | because_of | mistake( f ). sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Swedish
5
Status: main; causal marker: av
| Mann-en | arrestera-de-s | av | misstag. |
| man- def . c . sg | arest- pst - pass | of | mistake |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||
Telugu
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| ataḍu | tappu-gā | baṁdhiṁca-paḍḍ-āḍu. |
| that_man. sg | mistake- advz | tie- pass . pst -3 sg . m |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
Udmurt (South)
5
Status: main; causal marker: ABL
| Vorgoron-ez | kut-i-z-y | jangyš-en. |
| man- acc | catch- pst -3- pl | mistake- ins |
| The man was caught by mistake. | ||
Ukrainian
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| Чоловік-а | арештува-л-и | помилково. |
| man( m )- acc . sg | arrest- pst - pl | mistakingly |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | ||
| Note: This translation is not included in the database because the causing event is expressed as an adverb, not a nominal phrase. | ||
Urdu
5
Status: main; causal marker: se
| ādmī | galtī | se | giraftār | hu-ā | th-ā. |
| man( m ). sg . dir | mistake( f ). sg . obl | from | arrested | be. pfv - sg . m | pst - m . sg |
| The man was arrested by mistake. | |||||
Yupik (Siberian)
5
Status: main; causal marker: n.a.
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| n.a. |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |